Application and prospects of genetic engineering in CAR-NK cell therapy

With the rapid advancement of genetic engineering technologies, CAR-NK cell therapy, as an emerging immunotherapeutic approach, has demonstrated significant potential. CAR-NK cells recognize and eliminate tumor cells through chimeric antigen receptors (CARs). Genetic engineering techniques have enha...

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Main Authors: Caidong Hu, Wenhong Lai, Bin Tian, Xi Xu, Shuiling Xie, Wenting Zhong, Huiqiang Kang, Xiaoyun Chen, Hailiang Li, Jingxin Xu, Liping Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1600411/full
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author Caidong Hu
Wenhong Lai
Bin Tian
Xi Xu
Shuiling Xie
Wenting Zhong
Huiqiang Kang
Xiaoyun Chen
Hailiang Li
Jingxin Xu
Liping Liu
author_facet Caidong Hu
Wenhong Lai
Bin Tian
Xi Xu
Shuiling Xie
Wenting Zhong
Huiqiang Kang
Xiaoyun Chen
Hailiang Li
Jingxin Xu
Liping Liu
author_sort Caidong Hu
collection DOAJ
description With the rapid advancement of genetic engineering technologies, CAR-NK cell therapy, as an emerging immunotherapeutic approach, has demonstrated significant potential. CAR-NK cells recognize and eliminate tumor cells through chimeric antigen receptors (CARs). Genetic engineering techniques have enhanced the targeting and anti-tumor activity of CAR-NK cells by optimizing key components of the CAR structure, such as signal peptides, single-chain variable fragments (scFvs), linkers, and hinge regions. Additionally, NK cells can be derived from diverse sources, including peripheral blood, umbilical cord blood, stem cells, and NK cell lines, each with its unique advantages and limitations. Although CAR-NK cell therapy has shown promising anti-tumor efficacy in preclinical studies, it still faces numerous challenges. In the future, further optimization of CAR-NK cell design through genetic engineering and overcoming the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment will be crucial for enhancing its clinical application efficacy. This review will comprehensively discuss the current applications, technical challenges, and future directions of genetic engineering in CAR-NK cell therapy.
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issn 1664-3224
language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format Article
series Frontiers in Immunology
spelling doaj-art-31b76ea92f074b0fb0ffd89862d90ad22025-08-20T03:54:07ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-05-011610.3389/fimmu.2025.16004111600411Application and prospects of genetic engineering in CAR-NK cell therapyCaidong Hu0Wenhong Lai1Bin Tian2Xi Xu3Shuiling Xie4Wenting Zhong5Huiqiang Kang6Xiaoyun Chen7Hailiang Li8Jingxin Xu9Liping Liu10Department of Hematology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, ChinaDepartment of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, Dongying Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dongying, ChinaDepartment of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, ChinaDepartment of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, ChinaDepartment of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, ChinaDepartment of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, ChinaDepartment of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, ChinaDepartment of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, ChinaDepartment of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, ChinaDepartment of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, ChinaWith the rapid advancement of genetic engineering technologies, CAR-NK cell therapy, as an emerging immunotherapeutic approach, has demonstrated significant potential. CAR-NK cells recognize and eliminate tumor cells through chimeric antigen receptors (CARs). Genetic engineering techniques have enhanced the targeting and anti-tumor activity of CAR-NK cells by optimizing key components of the CAR structure, such as signal peptides, single-chain variable fragments (scFvs), linkers, and hinge regions. Additionally, NK cells can be derived from diverse sources, including peripheral blood, umbilical cord blood, stem cells, and NK cell lines, each with its unique advantages and limitations. Although CAR-NK cell therapy has shown promising anti-tumor efficacy in preclinical studies, it still faces numerous challenges. In the future, further optimization of CAR-NK cell design through genetic engineering and overcoming the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment will be crucial for enhancing its clinical application efficacy. This review will comprehensively discuss the current applications, technical challenges, and future directions of genetic engineering in CAR-NK cell therapy.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1600411/fullnatural killer cellsCAR-NK cellsgenetic engineeringNK cell expansionvectors for CAR expressiontumor microenvironment
spellingShingle Caidong Hu
Wenhong Lai
Bin Tian
Xi Xu
Shuiling Xie
Wenting Zhong
Huiqiang Kang
Xiaoyun Chen
Hailiang Li
Jingxin Xu
Liping Liu
Application and prospects of genetic engineering in CAR-NK cell therapy
Frontiers in Immunology
natural killer cells
CAR-NK cells
genetic engineering
NK cell expansion
vectors for CAR expression
tumor microenvironment
title Application and prospects of genetic engineering in CAR-NK cell therapy
title_full Application and prospects of genetic engineering in CAR-NK cell therapy
title_fullStr Application and prospects of genetic engineering in CAR-NK cell therapy
title_full_unstemmed Application and prospects of genetic engineering in CAR-NK cell therapy
title_short Application and prospects of genetic engineering in CAR-NK cell therapy
title_sort application and prospects of genetic engineering in car nk cell therapy
topic natural killer cells
CAR-NK cells
genetic engineering
NK cell expansion
vectors for CAR expression
tumor microenvironment
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1600411/full
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