Exploring the pivotal variables of tongue diagnosis between patients with chronic kidney disease and health participants
IntroductionChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant global health problem associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) utilizes tongue diagnosis to differentiate symptoms and predict prognosis. This study examines the relationship between tongue charac...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Big Data |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fdata.2024.1443646/full |
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| author | Po-Chi Hsu Po-Chi Hsu Jia-Ming Chen Jia-Ming Chen Chia-Chu Chang Yu-Jun Chang Ping-Fang Chiu John Y. Chiang John Y. Chiang Lun-Chien Lo Lun-Chien Lo |
| author_facet | Po-Chi Hsu Po-Chi Hsu Jia-Ming Chen Jia-Ming Chen Chia-Chu Chang Yu-Jun Chang Ping-Fang Chiu John Y. Chiang John Y. Chiang Lun-Chien Lo Lun-Chien Lo |
| author_sort | Po-Chi Hsu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant global health problem associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) utilizes tongue diagnosis to differentiate symptoms and predict prognosis. This study examines the relationship between tongue characteristics and CKD severity using an automatic tongue diagnosis system (ATDS), which captures tongue images non-invasively to provide objective diagnostic information.MethodsThis cross-sectional, case-control study was conducted from July 1, 2019, to December 31, 2021. Participants were divided into three groups based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR): control (eGFR > 60 ml/min/1.732), CKD stage 3 (30 ≤ eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.732), and CKD stage 4–5 (eGFR < 30 ml/min/1.732). Tongue images were analyzed using ATDS to extract nine primary features: tongue shape, color, fur, saliva, fissures, ecchymosis, tooth marks, and red dots. Statistical analyses included non-parametric methods and ordinal logistic regression.ResultsThis study revealed that significant differences in the fur thickness, tongue color, amount of ecchymosis, and saliva among three groups. Ordinal logistic regression indicated that pale tongue color (OR: 2.107, P < 0.001), bluish tongue color (OR: 2.743, P = 0.001), yellow fur (OR: 3.195, P < 0.001), wet saliva (OR: 2.536, P < 0.001), and ecchymoses (OR: 1.031, P = 0.012) were significantly associated with increased CKD severity. Additionally, each red dot and tooth mark decreased the odds of severe CKD.ConclusionTongue features such as paleness, wet saliva, yellow fur, and ecchymosis are prevalent in CKD patients and can serve as early clinical indicators of the disease. This study demonstrates that TCM tongue diagnosis, facilitated by ATDS, is a valuable, non-invasive method for identifying CKD and distinguishing its stages. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-31a4bde1ebe04b339eb4947a1c71d8dc |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2624-909X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Big Data |
| spelling | doaj-art-31a4bde1ebe04b339eb4947a1c71d8dc2025-01-03T06:47:11ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Big Data2624-909X2025-01-01710.3389/fdata.2024.14436461443646Exploring the pivotal variables of tongue diagnosis between patients with chronic kidney disease and health participantsPo-Chi Hsu0Po-Chi Hsu1Jia-Ming Chen2Jia-Ming Chen3Chia-Chu Chang4Yu-Jun Chang5Ping-Fang Chiu6John Y. Chiang7John Y. Chiang8Lun-Chien Lo9Lun-Chien Lo10School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, TaiwanDepartment of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, TaiwanDepartment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, TaiwanGraduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, TaiwanDivision of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung, TaiwanBig Data Center, Epidemiology and Biostatistics Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, TaiwanNephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, TaiwanDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, TaiwanDepartment of Healthcare Administration and Medical Informatics, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, TaiwanSchool of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, TaiwanDepartment of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, TaiwanIntroductionChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant global health problem associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) utilizes tongue diagnosis to differentiate symptoms and predict prognosis. This study examines the relationship between tongue characteristics and CKD severity using an automatic tongue diagnosis system (ATDS), which captures tongue images non-invasively to provide objective diagnostic information.MethodsThis cross-sectional, case-control study was conducted from July 1, 2019, to December 31, 2021. Participants were divided into three groups based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR): control (eGFR > 60 ml/min/1.732), CKD stage 3 (30 ≤ eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.732), and CKD stage 4–5 (eGFR < 30 ml/min/1.732). Tongue images were analyzed using ATDS to extract nine primary features: tongue shape, color, fur, saliva, fissures, ecchymosis, tooth marks, and red dots. Statistical analyses included non-parametric methods and ordinal logistic regression.ResultsThis study revealed that significant differences in the fur thickness, tongue color, amount of ecchymosis, and saliva among three groups. Ordinal logistic regression indicated that pale tongue color (OR: 2.107, P < 0.001), bluish tongue color (OR: 2.743, P = 0.001), yellow fur (OR: 3.195, P < 0.001), wet saliva (OR: 2.536, P < 0.001), and ecchymoses (OR: 1.031, P = 0.012) were significantly associated with increased CKD severity. Additionally, each red dot and tooth mark decreased the odds of severe CKD.ConclusionTongue features such as paleness, wet saliva, yellow fur, and ecchymosis are prevalent in CKD patients and can serve as early clinical indicators of the disease. This study demonstrates that TCM tongue diagnosis, facilitated by ATDS, is a valuable, non-invasive method for identifying CKD and distinguishing its stages.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fdata.2024.1443646/fullTraditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)tongue diagnosisautomatic tongue diagnosis system (ATDS)chronic kidney disease (CKD)renal function |
| spellingShingle | Po-Chi Hsu Po-Chi Hsu Jia-Ming Chen Jia-Ming Chen Chia-Chu Chang Yu-Jun Chang Ping-Fang Chiu John Y. Chiang John Y. Chiang Lun-Chien Lo Lun-Chien Lo Exploring the pivotal variables of tongue diagnosis between patients with chronic kidney disease and health participants Frontiers in Big Data Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) tongue diagnosis automatic tongue diagnosis system (ATDS) chronic kidney disease (CKD) renal function |
| title | Exploring the pivotal variables of tongue diagnosis between patients with chronic kidney disease and health participants |
| title_full | Exploring the pivotal variables of tongue diagnosis between patients with chronic kidney disease and health participants |
| title_fullStr | Exploring the pivotal variables of tongue diagnosis between patients with chronic kidney disease and health participants |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploring the pivotal variables of tongue diagnosis between patients with chronic kidney disease and health participants |
| title_short | Exploring the pivotal variables of tongue diagnosis between patients with chronic kidney disease and health participants |
| title_sort | exploring the pivotal variables of tongue diagnosis between patients with chronic kidney disease and health participants |
| topic | Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) tongue diagnosis automatic tongue diagnosis system (ATDS) chronic kidney disease (CKD) renal function |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fdata.2024.1443646/full |
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