Improving the distribution system capability by incorporating ZnO nanoparticles into high-density polyethylene cable materials
Abstract This paper introduces a novel insulated cable designed to enhance the distribution system’s capabilities. Accordingly, high-density polyethylene loaded with varying concentrations of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) ranging from 0.0 to 5 wt% was prepared using the melt-blending techniqu...
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Nature Portfolio
2024-10-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-67854-5 |
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| author | Mahmoud A. Elsadd Ragab A. Elsad Maryam Al Huwayz Shehab A. Mansour Mohamed S. Zaky Nagy I. Elkalashy Mohamed A. Izzularab |
| author_facet | Mahmoud A. Elsadd Ragab A. Elsad Maryam Al Huwayz Shehab A. Mansour Mohamed S. Zaky Nagy I. Elkalashy Mohamed A. Izzularab |
| author_sort | Mahmoud A. Elsadd |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract This paper introduces a novel insulated cable designed to enhance the distribution system’s capabilities. Accordingly, high-density polyethylene loaded with varying concentrations of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) ranging from 0.0 to 5 wt% was prepared using the melt-blending technique. Zinc oxide (NPs) is synthesized by using sol–gel technique and their microstructure was examined by X-ray diffraction. The new insulated cable, HDPE nanocomposite loaded with 1 wt% of ZnO, demonstrates a 43% reduction in the relative dielectric constant and a 16.5% improvement in breakdown strength compared to pure HDPE. The observed changes in both the dielectric constant and breakdown strength offer several advantages in electrical applications. These benefits include a decrease in feeder current at the same loading level, mitigation of inrush transients during load switching, and a reduction in earth fault current values, particularly in unearthed distribution networks with ungrounded cables. A comparative study is conducted between the conventional insulating cable based on the original material (HDPE) and the new insulated cable incorporating ZnO nanomaterial at a ratio of 1.0 wt% of the total cable mass per unit length. This comparison utilizes data from two actual medium-voltage distribution feeders. Both actual feeders are simulated using the EMTP/ATP package. The obtained results prove the efficacy of the developed material cable (polymer doped with ZnO NPs) compared to the base material. The peak and duration of inrush current can be cut to 77.3% and 67% of their original values, respectively. The earth fault current can be reduced to 56.5% in ungrounded networks, while substation current under the normal operation can be cut to 84.3% with the same load currents. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-30f8bd0b69944899a99b11d108dfa83a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-30f8bd0b69944899a99b11d108dfa83a2024-11-24T12:19:38ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-10-0114111410.1038/s41598-024-67854-5Improving the distribution system capability by incorporating ZnO nanoparticles into high-density polyethylene cable materialsMahmoud A. Elsadd0Ragab A. Elsad1Maryam Al Huwayz2Shehab A. Mansour3Mohamed S. Zaky4Nagy I. Elkalashy5Mohamed A. Izzularab6Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Damanhour UniversityBasic Engineering Science Department, Faculty of Engineering, Menoufia UniversityDepartment of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman UniversityBasic Engineering Science Department, Faculty of Engineering, Menoufia UniversityDepartment of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northern Border UniversityElectrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Menoufia UniversityElectrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Menoufia UniversityAbstract This paper introduces a novel insulated cable designed to enhance the distribution system’s capabilities. Accordingly, high-density polyethylene loaded with varying concentrations of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) ranging from 0.0 to 5 wt% was prepared using the melt-blending technique. Zinc oxide (NPs) is synthesized by using sol–gel technique and their microstructure was examined by X-ray diffraction. The new insulated cable, HDPE nanocomposite loaded with 1 wt% of ZnO, demonstrates a 43% reduction in the relative dielectric constant and a 16.5% improvement in breakdown strength compared to pure HDPE. The observed changes in both the dielectric constant and breakdown strength offer several advantages in electrical applications. These benefits include a decrease in feeder current at the same loading level, mitigation of inrush transients during load switching, and a reduction in earth fault current values, particularly in unearthed distribution networks with ungrounded cables. A comparative study is conducted between the conventional insulating cable based on the original material (HDPE) and the new insulated cable incorporating ZnO nanomaterial at a ratio of 1.0 wt% of the total cable mass per unit length. This comparison utilizes data from two actual medium-voltage distribution feeders. Both actual feeders are simulated using the EMTP/ATP package. The obtained results prove the efficacy of the developed material cable (polymer doped with ZnO NPs) compared to the base material. The peak and duration of inrush current can be cut to 77.3% and 67% of their original values, respectively. The earth fault current can be reduced to 56.5% in ungrounded networks, while substation current under the normal operation can be cut to 84.3% with the same load currents.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-67854-5Dielectric constantEarth faultInrush transientsMV distribution systemNPs |
| spellingShingle | Mahmoud A. Elsadd Ragab A. Elsad Maryam Al Huwayz Shehab A. Mansour Mohamed S. Zaky Nagy I. Elkalashy Mohamed A. Izzularab Improving the distribution system capability by incorporating ZnO nanoparticles into high-density polyethylene cable materials Scientific Reports Dielectric constant Earth fault Inrush transients MV distribution system NPs |
| title | Improving the distribution system capability by incorporating ZnO nanoparticles into high-density polyethylene cable materials |
| title_full | Improving the distribution system capability by incorporating ZnO nanoparticles into high-density polyethylene cable materials |
| title_fullStr | Improving the distribution system capability by incorporating ZnO nanoparticles into high-density polyethylene cable materials |
| title_full_unstemmed | Improving the distribution system capability by incorporating ZnO nanoparticles into high-density polyethylene cable materials |
| title_short | Improving the distribution system capability by incorporating ZnO nanoparticles into high-density polyethylene cable materials |
| title_sort | improving the distribution system capability by incorporating zno nanoparticles into high density polyethylene cable materials |
| topic | Dielectric constant Earth fault Inrush transients MV distribution system NPs |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-67854-5 |
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