Optimizing polyphenol extraction and UPLC-MS/MS analysis from red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) species using response surface methodology

Polyphenols were extracted from red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) plants following conventional extraction. The combined factors of ethanol concentration (60–80%), extraction time (15–45 min) and extraction temperature (40–80°C) were evaluated. Central composite design software was used to conduct...

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Main Authors: Emily P. Verhulst, Carlos Álvarez, Nigel P. Brunton, Dilip K. Rai
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-12-01
Series:Food Chemistry Advances
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772753X24002235
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author Emily P. Verhulst
Carlos Álvarez
Nigel P. Brunton
Dilip K. Rai
author_facet Emily P. Verhulst
Carlos Álvarez
Nigel P. Brunton
Dilip K. Rai
author_sort Emily P. Verhulst
collection DOAJ
description Polyphenols were extracted from red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) plants following conventional extraction. The combined factors of ethanol concentration (60–80%), extraction time (15–45 min) and extraction temperature (40–80°C) were evaluated. Central composite design software was used to conduct Response Surface Methodology (RSM) modelling and optimize the polyphenol yield from the red clover. Total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and ultra-performance liquid chromatography mass-spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) analysis were used to quantify polyphenols. The RSM model identified ethanolic composition having greatest influence (p < 0.05) on the polyphenol yield with extraction yields increasing with percentage ethanol. The optimal extraction conditions were identified as 80% ethanol for 45 minutes at 40°C. When compared with an exhaustive polyphenol extraction method (70% ethanol for 21 h at room temperature), the optimal extraction resulted in a 25.6% increase in TPC yield. UPLC-MS/MS was performed to quantify the individual polyphenols present within the sample, in which biochanin A and formononetin were present in abundance. The outcomes of this modelling and optimization study demonstrate that polyphenols from red clover can be extracted efficiently with minimal environmental and energy cost and thus had the capability to serve as a source of valuable nutraceutical and pharmaceutical products.
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series Food Chemistry Advances
spelling doaj-art-30f1a07e3e2c4c289fe331ce6d74e5d32024-12-13T11:09:03ZengElsevierFood Chemistry Advances2772-753X2024-12-015100828Optimizing polyphenol extraction and UPLC-MS/MS analysis from red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) species using response surface methodologyEmily P. Verhulst0Carlos Álvarez1Nigel P. Brunton2Dilip K. Rai3Department of Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre Ashtown, D15 KN3K Dublin, Ireland; UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8, IrelandDepartment of Food Quality and Sensory Science, Teagasc Food Research Centre Ashtown, D15 KN3K Dublin, IrelandUCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland; Corresponding author.Department of Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre Ashtown, D15 KN3K Dublin, IrelandPolyphenols were extracted from red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) plants following conventional extraction. The combined factors of ethanol concentration (60–80%), extraction time (15–45 min) and extraction temperature (40–80°C) were evaluated. Central composite design software was used to conduct Response Surface Methodology (RSM) modelling and optimize the polyphenol yield from the red clover. Total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and ultra-performance liquid chromatography mass-spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) analysis were used to quantify polyphenols. The RSM model identified ethanolic composition having greatest influence (p < 0.05) on the polyphenol yield with extraction yields increasing with percentage ethanol. The optimal extraction conditions were identified as 80% ethanol for 45 minutes at 40°C. When compared with an exhaustive polyphenol extraction method (70% ethanol for 21 h at room temperature), the optimal extraction resulted in a 25.6% increase in TPC yield. UPLC-MS/MS was performed to quantify the individual polyphenols present within the sample, in which biochanin A and formononetin were present in abundance. The outcomes of this modelling and optimization study demonstrate that polyphenols from red clover can be extracted efficiently with minimal environmental and energy cost and thus had the capability to serve as a source of valuable nutraceutical and pharmaceutical products.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772753X24002235AntioxidantsGrassland cropsPolyphenolsResponse surface methodologyUPLC-MS/MS
spellingShingle Emily P. Verhulst
Carlos Álvarez
Nigel P. Brunton
Dilip K. Rai
Optimizing polyphenol extraction and UPLC-MS/MS analysis from red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) species using response surface methodology
Food Chemistry Advances
Antioxidants
Grassland crops
Polyphenols
Response surface methodology
UPLC-MS/MS
title Optimizing polyphenol extraction and UPLC-MS/MS analysis from red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) species using response surface methodology
title_full Optimizing polyphenol extraction and UPLC-MS/MS analysis from red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) species using response surface methodology
title_fullStr Optimizing polyphenol extraction and UPLC-MS/MS analysis from red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) species using response surface methodology
title_full_unstemmed Optimizing polyphenol extraction and UPLC-MS/MS analysis from red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) species using response surface methodology
title_short Optimizing polyphenol extraction and UPLC-MS/MS analysis from red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) species using response surface methodology
title_sort optimizing polyphenol extraction and uplc ms ms analysis from red clover trifolium pratense l species using response surface methodology
topic Antioxidants
Grassland crops
Polyphenols
Response surface methodology
UPLC-MS/MS
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772753X24002235
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