Comparison of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike following Omicron infection or Omicron BA.4/5 vaccination in kidney transplant recipients
BackgroundThe emergence of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants challenges immunity, particularly among immunocompromised kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). To address this, vaccines have been adjusted to circulating variants. Despite intensive vaccination efforts, SARS-CoV-2 infections surged among KTRs dur...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-01-01
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| author | Inga Tometten Tobias Brandt Maike Schlotz Ricarda Stumpf Sinje Landmann Marta Kantauskaite Joshua Lamberti Jonas Hillebrandt Lisa Müller Margarethe Kittel Katrin Ivens Katrin Ivens Henning Gruell Anja Voges Heiner Schaal Nadine Lübke Eva Königshausen Eva Königshausen Lars Christian Rump Lars Christian Rump Florian Klein Florian Klein Florian Klein Johannes Stegbauer Johannes Stegbauer Jörg Timm |
| author_facet | Inga Tometten Tobias Brandt Maike Schlotz Ricarda Stumpf Sinje Landmann Marta Kantauskaite Joshua Lamberti Jonas Hillebrandt Lisa Müller Margarethe Kittel Katrin Ivens Katrin Ivens Henning Gruell Anja Voges Heiner Schaal Nadine Lübke Eva Königshausen Eva Königshausen Lars Christian Rump Lars Christian Rump Florian Klein Florian Klein Florian Klein Johannes Stegbauer Johannes Stegbauer Jörg Timm |
| author_sort | Inga Tometten |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundThe emergence of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants challenges immunity, particularly among immunocompromised kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). To address this, vaccines have been adjusted to circulating variants. Despite intensive vaccination efforts, SARS-CoV-2 infections surged among KTRs during the Omicron wave, enabling a direct comparison of variant-specific immunity following-vaccination against Omicron BA.4/5 or Omicron infection in KTRs.Methods98 SARS-CoV-2 naïve KTRs who had received four vaccine doses were studied. Before and after a 5th antigen exposure, either via the bivalent vaccine composed of ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and Omicron BA.4/5 (29 KTRs) or via natural infection with Omicron (38 BA.4/5, 31 BA.1/2), spike-specific T cells were quantified using Elispot and serum pseudovirus neutralizing activity was assessed against the ancestral Wuhan strain, BA.5 and XBB.1.5.ResultsCompared to BA.4/5 vaccination, spike-specific T-cell responses and neutralization activity were higher up to six months post-Omicron infection and reached levels similar to healthy controls. Vaccinated KTRs showed modestly boosted neutralization activity against the Wuhan strain and BA.5, but not XBB.1.5. Baseline immunity correlated with immune responses three months post-vaccination and post-infection, indicating a predictive value for peak immune responses. Tixagevimab/Cilgavimab treatment was associated with robust neutralization of the Wuhan strain, but ineffective against XBB.1.5.ConclusionThe BA.4/5 vaccine improved neutralizing activity against the BA.4/5 variant, but not against the subsequently circulating XBB.1.5 variant in KTRs. Conversely, omicron infection boosted T cells and humoral responses more effectively, showing efficacy against XBB.1.5. These findings suggest that infection-induced immunity associates with greater protection than vaccination against future variants in KTRs. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-30df7d91f4654874b484a8879f2d26df |
| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj-art-30df7d91f4654874b484a8879f2d26df2025-01-14T05:10:21ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-01-011510.3389/fimmu.2024.14762941476294Comparison of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike following Omicron infection or Omicron BA.4/5 vaccination in kidney transplant recipientsInga Tometten0Tobias Brandt1Maike Schlotz2Ricarda Stumpf3Sinje Landmann4Marta Kantauskaite5Joshua Lamberti6Jonas Hillebrandt7Lisa Müller8Margarethe Kittel9Katrin Ivens10Katrin Ivens11Henning Gruell12Anja Voges13Heiner Schaal14Nadine Lübke15Eva Königshausen16Eva Königshausen17Lars Christian Rump18Lars Christian Rump19Florian Klein20Florian Klein21Florian Klein22Johannes Stegbauer23Johannes Stegbauer24Jörg Timm25Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, GermanyDepartment of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, GermanyLaboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, GermanyLaboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, GermanyDepartment of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, GermanyDepartment of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, GermanyDepartment of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, GermanyDepartment of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, GermanyInstitute of Virology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, GermanyDepartment of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, GermanyDepartment of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, GermanyKfH Kuratorium für Dialyse und Nierentransplantation e.V., Düsseldorf, GermanyLaboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, GermanyInstitute of Virology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, GermanyInstitute of Virology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, GermanyInstitute of Virology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, GermanyDepartment of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, GermanyKfH Kuratorium für Dialyse und Nierentransplantation e.V., Düsseldorf, GermanyDepartment of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, GermanyKfH Kuratorium für Dialyse und Nierentransplantation e.V., Düsseldorf, GermanyLaboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, GermanyCenter for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, GermanyGerman Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, GermanyDepartment of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, GermanyKfH Kuratorium für Dialyse und Nierentransplantation e.V., Düsseldorf, GermanyInstitute of Virology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, GermanyBackgroundThe emergence of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants challenges immunity, particularly among immunocompromised kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). To address this, vaccines have been adjusted to circulating variants. Despite intensive vaccination efforts, SARS-CoV-2 infections surged among KTRs during the Omicron wave, enabling a direct comparison of variant-specific immunity following-vaccination against Omicron BA.4/5 or Omicron infection in KTRs.Methods98 SARS-CoV-2 naïve KTRs who had received four vaccine doses were studied. Before and after a 5th antigen exposure, either via the bivalent vaccine composed of ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and Omicron BA.4/5 (29 KTRs) or via natural infection with Omicron (38 BA.4/5, 31 BA.1/2), spike-specific T cells were quantified using Elispot and serum pseudovirus neutralizing activity was assessed against the ancestral Wuhan strain, BA.5 and XBB.1.5.ResultsCompared to BA.4/5 vaccination, spike-specific T-cell responses and neutralization activity were higher up to six months post-Omicron infection and reached levels similar to healthy controls. Vaccinated KTRs showed modestly boosted neutralization activity against the Wuhan strain and BA.5, but not XBB.1.5. Baseline immunity correlated with immune responses three months post-vaccination and post-infection, indicating a predictive value for peak immune responses. Tixagevimab/Cilgavimab treatment was associated with robust neutralization of the Wuhan strain, but ineffective against XBB.1.5.ConclusionThe BA.4/5 vaccine improved neutralizing activity against the BA.4/5 variant, but not against the subsequently circulating XBB.1.5 variant in KTRs. Conversely, omicron infection boosted T cells and humoral responses more effectively, showing efficacy against XBB.1.5. These findings suggest that infection-induced immunity associates with greater protection than vaccination against future variants in KTRs.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1476294/fullSARS-CoV-2Omicron BA.4/5Omicron XBB.1.5bivalent vaccinationkidney transplant recipients |
| spellingShingle | Inga Tometten Tobias Brandt Maike Schlotz Ricarda Stumpf Sinje Landmann Marta Kantauskaite Joshua Lamberti Jonas Hillebrandt Lisa Müller Margarethe Kittel Katrin Ivens Katrin Ivens Henning Gruell Anja Voges Heiner Schaal Nadine Lübke Eva Königshausen Eva Königshausen Lars Christian Rump Lars Christian Rump Florian Klein Florian Klein Florian Klein Johannes Stegbauer Johannes Stegbauer Jörg Timm Comparison of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike following Omicron infection or Omicron BA.4/5 vaccination in kidney transplant recipients Frontiers in Immunology SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4/5 Omicron XBB.1.5 bivalent vaccination kidney transplant recipients |
| title | Comparison of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike following Omicron infection or Omicron BA.4/5 vaccination in kidney transplant recipients |
| title_full | Comparison of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike following Omicron infection or Omicron BA.4/5 vaccination in kidney transplant recipients |
| title_fullStr | Comparison of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike following Omicron infection or Omicron BA.4/5 vaccination in kidney transplant recipients |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike following Omicron infection or Omicron BA.4/5 vaccination in kidney transplant recipients |
| title_short | Comparison of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike following Omicron infection or Omicron BA.4/5 vaccination in kidney transplant recipients |
| title_sort | comparison of immune responses to sars cov 2 spike following omicron infection or omicron ba 4 5 vaccination in kidney transplant recipients |
| topic | SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4/5 Omicron XBB.1.5 bivalent vaccination kidney transplant recipients |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1476294/full |
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