Analysis of the Distribution Pattern and Prophage Types in <i>Candidatus Liberibacter</i> Asiaticus ‘Cuimi’ Kumquat
The ‘Cuimi’ kumquat is a unique citrus cultivar known for its thin, crisp pulp and sweet, aromatic flavor. In addition to its use in fresh consumption and processing, this variety exhibits certain medicinal properties. This study aims to investigate the genetic diversity of the Huanglongbing (HLB) b...
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2024-12-01
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| author | Wen-Ting Li Xiao-Feng Teng Li He Bin Guan Cui-Ling He Jian-Jun Liu Ke-Ling Chen Zheng Zheng Jian He |
| author_facet | Wen-Ting Li Xiao-Feng Teng Li He Bin Guan Cui-Ling He Jian-Jun Liu Ke-Ling Chen Zheng Zheng Jian He |
| author_sort | Wen-Ting Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The ‘Cuimi’ kumquat is a unique citrus cultivar known for its thin, crisp pulp and sweet, aromatic flavor. In addition to its use in fresh consumption and processing, this variety exhibits certain medicinal properties. This study aims to investigate the genetic diversity of the Huanglongbing (HLB) bacterium across different tissues of the ‘Cuimi’ kumquat, offering a theoretical basis for understanding the HLB epidemic in Dechang County, Sichuan. The research focuses on the absolute quantification of the HLB bacterium in seven specific tissues of the ‘Cuimi’ kumquat, including new leaves, upper phloem of branches, fruit peduncle, pith, fruit axis, old leaves, and lower phloem of branches. Additionally, the types and contents of prophages were identified in these tissues. In the same diseased branch group, <i>Candidatus Liberibacter</i> asiaticus (CLas) exhibited an uneven distribution, with the highest concentration detected in the pith, significantly surpassing levels found in the stem and leaf tissues (new leaves, upper phloem of branches, old leaves, lower phloem of branches). Infected fruit peduncles and pith slices showed noticeable shrinkage and collapse in the phloem. Prophage analysis indicated that multiple types of prophages could be simultaneously detected within the same infected ‘Cuimi’ kumquat branch. New shoot tissues contained both Type 2 and Type 4 prophages, with a relatively higher abundance of Type 4 and a lower abundance of Type 2. The relative abundance of Type 1 prophage in the fruit tissues was generally higher than in other tissues. CLas primarily accumulates in the fruit tissues of the ‘Cuimi’ kumquat, and the situation in Dechang County suggests that individual trees may be infected with multiple prophage strains simultaneously. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj-art-2fb270f0696048a1b2393f41308610c22025-01-10T13:19:44ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472024-12-011419410.3390/plants14010094Analysis of the Distribution Pattern and Prophage Types in <i>Candidatus Liberibacter</i> Asiaticus ‘Cuimi’ KumquatWen-Ting Li0Xiao-Feng Teng1Li He2Bin Guan3Cui-Ling He4Jian-Jun Liu5Ke-Ling Chen6Zheng Zheng7Jian He8National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Citrus Breeding, Cultivation/Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, ChinaAgricultural Bureau of Dechang County, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Dechang 615500, ChinaNational-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Citrus Breeding, Cultivation/Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, ChinaNational-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Citrus Breeding, Cultivation/Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, ChinaCollege of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaNational-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Citrus Breeding, Cultivation/Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, ChinaNational-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Citrus Breeding, Cultivation/Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, ChinaCollege of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaNational-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Citrus Breeding, Cultivation/Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, ChinaThe ‘Cuimi’ kumquat is a unique citrus cultivar known for its thin, crisp pulp and sweet, aromatic flavor. In addition to its use in fresh consumption and processing, this variety exhibits certain medicinal properties. This study aims to investigate the genetic diversity of the Huanglongbing (HLB) bacterium across different tissues of the ‘Cuimi’ kumquat, offering a theoretical basis for understanding the HLB epidemic in Dechang County, Sichuan. The research focuses on the absolute quantification of the HLB bacterium in seven specific tissues of the ‘Cuimi’ kumquat, including new leaves, upper phloem of branches, fruit peduncle, pith, fruit axis, old leaves, and lower phloem of branches. Additionally, the types and contents of prophages were identified in these tissues. In the same diseased branch group, <i>Candidatus Liberibacter</i> asiaticus (CLas) exhibited an uneven distribution, with the highest concentration detected in the pith, significantly surpassing levels found in the stem and leaf tissues (new leaves, upper phloem of branches, old leaves, lower phloem of branches). Infected fruit peduncles and pith slices showed noticeable shrinkage and collapse in the phloem. Prophage analysis indicated that multiple types of prophages could be simultaneously detected within the same infected ‘Cuimi’ kumquat branch. New shoot tissues contained both Type 2 and Type 4 prophages, with a relatively higher abundance of Type 4 and a lower abundance of Type 2. The relative abundance of Type 1 prophage in the fruit tissues was generally higher than in other tissues. CLas primarily accumulates in the fruit tissues of the ‘Cuimi’ kumquat, and the situation in Dechang County suggests that individual trees may be infected with multiple prophage strains simultaneously.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/1/94Huanglongbing‘Cuimi’ kumquatprophagedistribution pattern |
| spellingShingle | Wen-Ting Li Xiao-Feng Teng Li He Bin Guan Cui-Ling He Jian-Jun Liu Ke-Ling Chen Zheng Zheng Jian He Analysis of the Distribution Pattern and Prophage Types in <i>Candidatus Liberibacter</i> Asiaticus ‘Cuimi’ Kumquat Plants Huanglongbing ‘Cuimi’ kumquat prophage distribution pattern |
| title | Analysis of the Distribution Pattern and Prophage Types in <i>Candidatus Liberibacter</i> Asiaticus ‘Cuimi’ Kumquat |
| title_full | Analysis of the Distribution Pattern and Prophage Types in <i>Candidatus Liberibacter</i> Asiaticus ‘Cuimi’ Kumquat |
| title_fullStr | Analysis of the Distribution Pattern and Prophage Types in <i>Candidatus Liberibacter</i> Asiaticus ‘Cuimi’ Kumquat |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of the Distribution Pattern and Prophage Types in <i>Candidatus Liberibacter</i> Asiaticus ‘Cuimi’ Kumquat |
| title_short | Analysis of the Distribution Pattern and Prophage Types in <i>Candidatus Liberibacter</i> Asiaticus ‘Cuimi’ Kumquat |
| title_sort | analysis of the distribution pattern and prophage types in i candidatus liberibacter i asiaticus cuimi kumquat |
| topic | Huanglongbing ‘Cuimi’ kumquat prophage distribution pattern |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/1/94 |
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