Overview of botulinum neurotoxin-producing clostridia in soils in France

Overview of botulinum neurotoxin-producing clostridia in soils in France

ABSTRACT Soil is a known reservoir of human pathogens, including botulinum neurotoxin-producing clostridia. However, the occurrence and distribution of botulinum neurotoxin types in French soils are unknown, prompting this study. Botulinum neurotoxin-producing clostridia were sought, and botulinum n...

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Main Authors: Caroline Le Maréchal, Adeline Huneau, Sébastien Solanas, Amandine Avouac, Léa Jambou, Apolline Roux, Line Boulonne, Sandra Rouxel, Claudy Jolivet, Typhaine Poezevara, Marianne Chemaly, Alain Hartmann
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: American Society for Microbiology 2025-08-01
Series:Microbiology Spectrum
Subjects:
clostridia
Clostridium botulinum
botulinum neurotoxin
soil
Online Access:https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/spectrum.00114-25
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