A task-oriented framework for efficient lithological mapping of imbalanced categories using hyperspectral imagery

Hyperspectral lithological mapping is a critical task in geological surveys and mineral resource exploration. However, the distribution of geological units is typically imbalanced and heterogeneous, with practical tasks requiring high-efficiency mapping over large regions. Traditional methods, such...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Yuanchao Wang, Li He, Zhengwei He, Jiang Chen, Fang Luo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:International Journal of Applied Earth Observations and Geoinformation
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1569843225003966
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Summary:Hyperspectral lithological mapping is a critical task in geological surveys and mineral resource exploration. However, the distribution of geological units is typically imbalanced and heterogeneous, with practical tasks requiring high-efficiency mapping over large regions. Traditional methods, such as patch-based and regular window approaches, struggle to effectively address these challenges. In this study, we propose a novel fast sample-based window lithological mapping (FSWLM) framework that integrates three key innovations: (1) a sample-based window strategy to reduce computational redundancy and improve efficiency, (2) an TFM (Threshold and Frequency Modulation)-based sampling strategy to address class imbalance during training, and (3) an encoder-decoder network characterized by feature-spectrum fusion (FSF) pattern. FSWLM offers an integrated solution tailored to the geological demands of lithological mapping, optimizing both efficiency and accuracy. Experimental validation on the Dajiling dataset, a geologically complex region in Tibet, demonstrates that FSWLM outperforms state-of-the-art methods in classification accuracy, minor class recognition, and spatial coherence. These results underscore the effectiveness of the task-oriented framework in addressing the unique challenges of hyperspectral lithological mapping, with promising implications for large-scale geological surveys and mineral resource exploration.
ISSN:1569-8432