Community pharmacy working conditions: Is stress impacting patient care?

Background: Community pharmacists have expanded their roles beyond traditional medication dispensing to include various clinical services. They play a critical role in reducing medication-related errors and enhancing patient safety. However, their effectiveness is significantly influenced by their w...

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Main Authors: Goar Alvarez, Taylor Harris, Erika Zwachte Fennick, Leanne Lai, Jesús Sánchez, Rawan Alkhamisi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-12-01
Series:Exploratory Research in Clinical and Social Pharmacy
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667276625000824
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author Goar Alvarez
Taylor Harris
Erika Zwachte Fennick
Leanne Lai
Jesús Sánchez
Rawan Alkhamisi
author_facet Goar Alvarez
Taylor Harris
Erika Zwachte Fennick
Leanne Lai
Jesús Sánchez
Rawan Alkhamisi
author_sort Goar Alvarez
collection DOAJ
description Background: Community pharmacists have expanded their roles beyond traditional medication dispensing to include various clinical services. They play a critical role in reducing medication-related errors and enhancing patient safety. However, their effectiveness is significantly influenced by their work environment and associated challenges. Objectives: This cross-sectional study evaluates the stress levels of community pharmacists in Florida, USA, and examines how stress impacts patient care. Methods: A survey was developed and emailed to 23,016 licensed pharmacists in Florida. Responses were collected from March 9 to April 15, 2022. The primary outcomes measured were workplace stressor frequency in community pharmacies and the relationship between work environment factors and patient care quality. Secondary outcomes assessed differences in average Perceived Stress Scores (PSS) between chain and independent pharmacists and between those in managerial versus non-managerial roles. Results: Of 361 responses, 257 pharmacists completed the survey. Most (84.8 %) were chain pharmacists, 15.2 % independent. The primary stressor was staffing issues (57.98 %). Additionally, 71.9 % deemed working conditions unsafe, and 78.4 % struggled to provide quality care due to work stress. Chain pharmacists had significantly different PSS scores (22.72) versus independent pharmacists (22.82, p = 0.0034). No difference existed between managerial (25.44) and non-managerial pharmacists (25.11, p = 0.5962). Spearman correlations showed significant negative associations between PSS scores and difficulty providing quality care (ρ = −0.47, p < 0.0001) and unsafe conditions perceptions (ρ = −0.51, p < 0.0001). Patient care measures correlated positively (ρ = 0.71, p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Stress significantly impacts community pharmacists' ability to provide quality care.
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spelling doaj-art-2eec8f22c11f45f78ffa2ca9b71342fe2025-08-20T04:00:32ZengElsevierExploratory Research in Clinical and Social Pharmacy2667-27662025-12-012010064110.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100641Community pharmacy working conditions: Is stress impacting patient care?Goar Alvarez0Taylor Harris1Erika Zwachte Fennick2Leanne Lai3Jesús Sánchez4Rawan Alkhamisi5Assistant Dean of Pharmacy Services, Associate professor, PGY-1 Community-Based Pharmacy Residency Program Director, Department of Sociobehavioral and Administrative Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA; Corresponding author at: 3200 S University Dr, Davie, FL 33328, United States of America.PGY-1 Community-Based Pharmacy Resident, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USAClinical Pharmacist, Clinical Assistant Professor, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USADepartment of Sociobehavioral and Administrative Pharmacy, Professor, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USADepartment of Sociobehavioral and Administrative Pharmacy, Associate Professor, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USADepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sociobehavioral and Administrative Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USABackground: Community pharmacists have expanded their roles beyond traditional medication dispensing to include various clinical services. They play a critical role in reducing medication-related errors and enhancing patient safety. However, their effectiveness is significantly influenced by their work environment and associated challenges. Objectives: This cross-sectional study evaluates the stress levels of community pharmacists in Florida, USA, and examines how stress impacts patient care. Methods: A survey was developed and emailed to 23,016 licensed pharmacists in Florida. Responses were collected from March 9 to April 15, 2022. The primary outcomes measured were workplace stressor frequency in community pharmacies and the relationship between work environment factors and patient care quality. Secondary outcomes assessed differences in average Perceived Stress Scores (PSS) between chain and independent pharmacists and between those in managerial versus non-managerial roles. Results: Of 361 responses, 257 pharmacists completed the survey. Most (84.8 %) were chain pharmacists, 15.2 % independent. The primary stressor was staffing issues (57.98 %). Additionally, 71.9 % deemed working conditions unsafe, and 78.4 % struggled to provide quality care due to work stress. Chain pharmacists had significantly different PSS scores (22.72) versus independent pharmacists (22.82, p = 0.0034). No difference existed between managerial (25.44) and non-managerial pharmacists (25.11, p = 0.5962). Spearman correlations showed significant negative associations between PSS scores and difficulty providing quality care (ρ = −0.47, p < 0.0001) and unsafe conditions perceptions (ρ = −0.51, p < 0.0001). Patient care measures correlated positively (ρ = 0.71, p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Stress significantly impacts community pharmacists' ability to provide quality care.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667276625000824Community pharmacyPharmacist stressPatient care impactWorking conditions
spellingShingle Goar Alvarez
Taylor Harris
Erika Zwachte Fennick
Leanne Lai
Jesús Sánchez
Rawan Alkhamisi
Community pharmacy working conditions: Is stress impacting patient care?
Exploratory Research in Clinical and Social Pharmacy
Community pharmacy
Pharmacist stress
Patient care impact
Working conditions
title Community pharmacy working conditions: Is stress impacting patient care?
title_full Community pharmacy working conditions: Is stress impacting patient care?
title_fullStr Community pharmacy working conditions: Is stress impacting patient care?
title_full_unstemmed Community pharmacy working conditions: Is stress impacting patient care?
title_short Community pharmacy working conditions: Is stress impacting patient care?
title_sort community pharmacy working conditions is stress impacting patient care
topic Community pharmacy
Pharmacist stress
Patient care impact
Working conditions
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667276625000824
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