Investigating the effect of the educational intervention based on the Health Belief Model on the knowledge and beliefs of Yemeni teachers in the use of breast cancer screening: a randomized controlled trial study

Abstract Background Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent cancer among women. Teachers play a crucial role in promoting healthy behaviors, including breast cancer screening (BCS). This study aimed to assess the impact of an Health Belief Model (HBM)-based educational intervention on BCS uptake, k...

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Main Authors: Sarah Noman, Nadya Mohamed Elfeturi Elarusy, Hejar Abdul Rahman, Suriani Ismail, Meram Azzani, Sahar Mohammed Taresh, Musheer A. Aljaberi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2024-12-01
Series:BMC Cancer
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-024-13214-5
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author Sarah Noman
Nadya Mohamed Elfeturi Elarusy
Hejar Abdul Rahman
Suriani Ismail
Meram Azzani
Sahar Mohammed Taresh
Musheer A. Aljaberi
author_facet Sarah Noman
Nadya Mohamed Elfeturi Elarusy
Hejar Abdul Rahman
Suriani Ismail
Meram Azzani
Sahar Mohammed Taresh
Musheer A. Aljaberi
author_sort Sarah Noman
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent cancer among women. Teachers play a crucial role in promoting healthy behaviors, including breast cancer screening (BCS). This study aimed to assess the impact of an Health Belief Model (HBM)-based educational intervention on BCS uptake, knowledge, and beliefs among female Yemeni teachers in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Methods A cluster-randomized controlled trial was conducted with 180 participants from 12 schools, randomly assigned to intervention or control groups. The intervention group participated in a 90-minute educational session, with follow-up assessments at baseline, and at 1, 3, and 6 months’ post-intervention, using validated Arabic questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 22.0, with Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) applied to assess differences within and between groups over time. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results At baseline, there were no significant differences between groups. Post-intervention, the intervention group showed significantly higher rates of breast self-examination (BSE) and clinical breast examination (CBE) compared to the control group, with adjusted odds ratios (AOR) of 17.51 (CI: 8.22–37.29) for BSE and 2.75 (CI: 1.42–5.32) for CBE. Over six months, BSE performance in the intervention group increased, with AORs improving from 11.01 (CI: 5.05–24.04) to 18.55 (CI: 8.83–38.99). Similarly, CBE uptake rose from 1.60 (CI: 1.02–2.52) to 2.27 (CI: 1.44–3.58). Secondary outcomes revealed significant gains in knowledge and beliefs in the intervention group, including increased confidence in performing BSE and reduced perceived barriers. Conclusions The HBM-based educational intervention effectively enhanced BCS uptake, improved knowledge, and decreased barriers to BCS among Yemeni teachers in Malaysia, highlighting the potential of targeted educational programs to promote cancer screening behaviors in underserved populations. Clinical trial registration Retrospectively registered, ANZCTR (ACTRN12618000173291). Registered on February 02, 2018.
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spelling doaj-art-2e5dfc5ea18a40579337b1c58aa48cab2024-12-08T12:33:29ZengBMCBMC Cancer1471-24072024-12-0124111710.1186/s12885-024-13214-5Investigating the effect of the educational intervention based on the Health Belief Model on the knowledge and beliefs of Yemeni teachers in the use of breast cancer screening: a randomized controlled trial studySarah Noman0Nadya Mohamed Elfeturi Elarusy1Hejar Abdul Rahman2Suriani Ismail3Meram Azzani4Sahar Mohammed Taresh5Musheer A. Aljaberi6Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Taiz UniversityDepartment of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of ZawiaDepartment of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra MalaysiaDepartment of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra MalaysiaDepartment of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARATaiz UniversityDepartment of Internal Medicine, Section Nursing Science, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC)Abstract Background Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent cancer among women. Teachers play a crucial role in promoting healthy behaviors, including breast cancer screening (BCS). This study aimed to assess the impact of an Health Belief Model (HBM)-based educational intervention on BCS uptake, knowledge, and beliefs among female Yemeni teachers in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Methods A cluster-randomized controlled trial was conducted with 180 participants from 12 schools, randomly assigned to intervention or control groups. The intervention group participated in a 90-minute educational session, with follow-up assessments at baseline, and at 1, 3, and 6 months’ post-intervention, using validated Arabic questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 22.0, with Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) applied to assess differences within and between groups over time. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results At baseline, there were no significant differences between groups. Post-intervention, the intervention group showed significantly higher rates of breast self-examination (BSE) and clinical breast examination (CBE) compared to the control group, with adjusted odds ratios (AOR) of 17.51 (CI: 8.22–37.29) for BSE and 2.75 (CI: 1.42–5.32) for CBE. Over six months, BSE performance in the intervention group increased, with AORs improving from 11.01 (CI: 5.05–24.04) to 18.55 (CI: 8.83–38.99). Similarly, CBE uptake rose from 1.60 (CI: 1.02–2.52) to 2.27 (CI: 1.44–3.58). Secondary outcomes revealed significant gains in knowledge and beliefs in the intervention group, including increased confidence in performing BSE and reduced perceived barriers. Conclusions The HBM-based educational intervention effectively enhanced BCS uptake, improved knowledge, and decreased barriers to BCS among Yemeni teachers in Malaysia, highlighting the potential of targeted educational programs to promote cancer screening behaviors in underserved populations. Clinical trial registration Retrospectively registered, ANZCTR (ACTRN12618000173291). Registered on February 02, 2018.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-024-13214-5Early detection of breast cancerHealth knowledgeBeliefsHealth educationTeachers
spellingShingle Sarah Noman
Nadya Mohamed Elfeturi Elarusy
Hejar Abdul Rahman
Suriani Ismail
Meram Azzani
Sahar Mohammed Taresh
Musheer A. Aljaberi
Investigating the effect of the educational intervention based on the Health Belief Model on the knowledge and beliefs of Yemeni teachers in the use of breast cancer screening: a randomized controlled trial study
BMC Cancer
Early detection of breast cancer
Health knowledge
Beliefs
Health education
Teachers
title Investigating the effect of the educational intervention based on the Health Belief Model on the knowledge and beliefs of Yemeni teachers in the use of breast cancer screening: a randomized controlled trial study
title_full Investigating the effect of the educational intervention based on the Health Belief Model on the knowledge and beliefs of Yemeni teachers in the use of breast cancer screening: a randomized controlled trial study
title_fullStr Investigating the effect of the educational intervention based on the Health Belief Model on the knowledge and beliefs of Yemeni teachers in the use of breast cancer screening: a randomized controlled trial study
title_full_unstemmed Investigating the effect of the educational intervention based on the Health Belief Model on the knowledge and beliefs of Yemeni teachers in the use of breast cancer screening: a randomized controlled trial study
title_short Investigating the effect of the educational intervention based on the Health Belief Model on the knowledge and beliefs of Yemeni teachers in the use of breast cancer screening: a randomized controlled trial study
title_sort investigating the effect of the educational intervention based on the health belief model on the knowledge and beliefs of yemeni teachers in the use of breast cancer screening a randomized controlled trial study
topic Early detection of breast cancer
Health knowledge
Beliefs
Health education
Teachers
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-024-13214-5
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