Heschl’s gyrus and the temporal pole: The cortical lateralization of language

The left lateralization of language has been attributed to hemispheric specialization for processing rapidly changing information. While interhemispheric differences in auditory cortex organization support this view, the macrostructure of the entire cerebral cortex has not been thoroughly examined f...

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Main Author: Mikael Roll
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-12-01
Series:NeuroImage
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811924004270
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author Mikael Roll
author_facet Mikael Roll
author_sort Mikael Roll
collection DOAJ
description The left lateralization of language has been attributed to hemispheric specialization for processing rapidly changing information. While interhemispheric differences in auditory cortex organization support this view, the macrostructure of the entire cerebral cortex has not been thoroughly examined from this perspective. This study investigated hemispheric asymmetries in cortical surface area and thickness and their relationship to pronunciation scores from oral reading using the Human Connectome Project Young Adult dataset (N=1113). Heschl’s gyrus had the most left-lateralized surface area, while the temporal pole showed the strongest right-lateralization in thickness. These areas correspond to the core components of speech: sound and meaning. Notably, their structural features were the only ones also yielding a significant correlation with pronunciation scores. Additionally, Broca’s area’s posterior region (pars opercularis), involved in articulatory phonological processing, showed leftward lateralization, contrasting with the right-lateralized anterior portions. Left-hemisphere language areas were largely thinner and more extended than their right-sided homologs with a larger white-to-gray matter ratio. Cortical thickness was inversely related to surface area. The lateralization of auditory-related language areas and their structure’s correlation with pronunciation in oral reading supports a genetically based auditory foundation for language. A thinner, more efficient cortex with larger surface areas and increased myelination likely underlies the left-hemispheric dominance of language. Thinner, more extended brain areas have been linked to more myelination and wider cortical columns and intercolumnar space. This provides the potential for a fast network of interconnected, discrete information units able to support language’s demands of rapid categorical processing.
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spelling doaj-art-2d705754c8ef4a28b9930d9c2f55c86b2024-11-29T06:23:01ZengElsevierNeuroImage1095-95722024-12-01303120930Heschl’s gyrus and the temporal pole: The cortical lateralization of languageMikael Roll0Centre for Languages and Literature, Lund University, Box 201, SE-22100, Lund, SwedenThe left lateralization of language has been attributed to hemispheric specialization for processing rapidly changing information. While interhemispheric differences in auditory cortex organization support this view, the macrostructure of the entire cerebral cortex has not been thoroughly examined from this perspective. This study investigated hemispheric asymmetries in cortical surface area and thickness and their relationship to pronunciation scores from oral reading using the Human Connectome Project Young Adult dataset (N=1113). Heschl’s gyrus had the most left-lateralized surface area, while the temporal pole showed the strongest right-lateralization in thickness. These areas correspond to the core components of speech: sound and meaning. Notably, their structural features were the only ones also yielding a significant correlation with pronunciation scores. Additionally, Broca’s area’s posterior region (pars opercularis), involved in articulatory phonological processing, showed leftward lateralization, contrasting with the right-lateralized anterior portions. Left-hemisphere language areas were largely thinner and more extended than their right-sided homologs with a larger white-to-gray matter ratio. Cortical thickness was inversely related to surface area. The lateralization of auditory-related language areas and their structure’s correlation with pronunciation in oral reading supports a genetically based auditory foundation for language. A thinner, more efficient cortex with larger surface areas and increased myelination likely underlies the left-hemispheric dominance of language. Thinner, more extended brain areas have been linked to more myelination and wider cortical columns and intercolumnar space. This provides the potential for a fast network of interconnected, discrete information units able to support language’s demands of rapid categorical processing.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811924004270Cortical structureHemispheric asymmetryLateralizationLanguageReading
spellingShingle Mikael Roll
Heschl’s gyrus and the temporal pole: The cortical lateralization of language
NeuroImage
Cortical structure
Hemispheric asymmetry
Lateralization
Language
Reading
title Heschl’s gyrus and the temporal pole: The cortical lateralization of language
title_full Heschl’s gyrus and the temporal pole: The cortical lateralization of language
title_fullStr Heschl’s gyrus and the temporal pole: The cortical lateralization of language
title_full_unstemmed Heschl’s gyrus and the temporal pole: The cortical lateralization of language
title_short Heschl’s gyrus and the temporal pole: The cortical lateralization of language
title_sort heschl s gyrus and the temporal pole the cortical lateralization of language
topic Cortical structure
Hemispheric asymmetry
Lateralization
Language
Reading
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811924004270
work_keys_str_mv AT mikaelroll heschlsgyrusandthetemporalpolethecorticallateralizationoflanguage