Association between pre-pregnancy maternal stress and small for gestational age: a population-based retrospective cohort study
Abstract Background Maternal stress is a potential factor affecting fetal growth, but it is unknown whether it directly affects fetal growth restriction. This study aims to investigate the association between pre-pregnancy maternal stress with small for gestational age (SGA). Methods This study used...
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BMC
2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-024-03837-7 |
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| author | Manman Chen Qiongjie Zhou Yuanyuan Li Qu Lu Anying Bai Fangyi Ruan Yandan Liu Yu Jiang Xiaotian Li |
| author_facet | Manman Chen Qiongjie Zhou Yuanyuan Li Qu Lu Anying Bai Fangyi Ruan Yandan Liu Yu Jiang Xiaotian Li |
| author_sort | Manman Chen |
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| description | Abstract Background Maternal stress is a potential factor affecting fetal growth, but it is unknown whether it directly affects fetal growth restriction. This study aims to investigate the association between pre-pregnancy maternal stress with small for gestational age (SGA). Methods This study used a population-based retrospective cohort analysis to examine the association between pre-pregnancy maternal stress and SGA in offspring. Data were extracted from the National Preconception Health Care Project (NPHCP), conducted between 2010 and 2012, which encompassed preconception health-related information from 572,989 individuals across various regions in China. Logistic regression models were used to assess the associations between pre-pregnancy maternal stress variables and the risk of SGA. In addition, Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) and Propensity Scores (PS) methods were used to enhance the model’s ability to the associations between pre-pregnancy maternal stress and SGA. Results Pre-pregnancy maternal stress was significantly associated with an increased the risk of SGA in offspring (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.51, P < 0.001). Stress related to life and economic factors notably increased the risk of SGA across different socio-economic conditions, whereas stress related to friends did not show a statistically significant association (P > 0.05). Specially, individuals with lower socio-economic status that characterized by below high school education levels (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.23 to 1.70), farmer occupation (OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.15 to 1.55, P = 0.002), rural residence (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.22 to 1.56, P < 0.001), and younger age (under 35 years: OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.20 to 1.52, P < 0.001) were more susceptible to pre-pregnancy maternal stress, increasing their risk of SGA. Conclusions Pre-pregnancy maternal stress was positively associated with an increased risk of SGA in offspring. Individuals with lower socio-economic status were more likely to experience pre-pregnancy maternal stress related to life and economic factors, which in turn contributed to a higher risk of SGA. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2cfa28d8553e4ae2ab4d76d8a4c6d696 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1741-7015 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| spelling | doaj-art-2cfa28d8553e4ae2ab4d76d8a4c6d6962025-01-12T12:26:49ZengBMCBMC Medicine1741-70152025-01-0123111210.1186/s12916-024-03837-7Association between pre-pregnancy maternal stress and small for gestational age: a population-based retrospective cohort studyManman Chen0Qiongjie Zhou1Yuanyuan Li2Qu Lu3Anying Bai4Fangyi Ruan5Yandan Liu6Yu Jiang7Xiaotian Li8School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeDepartment of Obstetrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityNational Research Institute for Family PlanningSchool of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeSchool of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeDepartment of Obstetrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityDepartment of Obstetrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversitySchool of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeShenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityAbstract Background Maternal stress is a potential factor affecting fetal growth, but it is unknown whether it directly affects fetal growth restriction. This study aims to investigate the association between pre-pregnancy maternal stress with small for gestational age (SGA). Methods This study used a population-based retrospective cohort analysis to examine the association between pre-pregnancy maternal stress and SGA in offspring. Data were extracted from the National Preconception Health Care Project (NPHCP), conducted between 2010 and 2012, which encompassed preconception health-related information from 572,989 individuals across various regions in China. Logistic regression models were used to assess the associations between pre-pregnancy maternal stress variables and the risk of SGA. In addition, Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) and Propensity Scores (PS) methods were used to enhance the model’s ability to the associations between pre-pregnancy maternal stress and SGA. Results Pre-pregnancy maternal stress was significantly associated with an increased the risk of SGA in offspring (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.51, P < 0.001). Stress related to life and economic factors notably increased the risk of SGA across different socio-economic conditions, whereas stress related to friends did not show a statistically significant association (P > 0.05). Specially, individuals with lower socio-economic status that characterized by below high school education levels (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.23 to 1.70), farmer occupation (OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.15 to 1.55, P = 0.002), rural residence (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.22 to 1.56, P < 0.001), and younger age (under 35 years: OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.20 to 1.52, P < 0.001) were more susceptible to pre-pregnancy maternal stress, increasing their risk of SGA. Conclusions Pre-pregnancy maternal stress was positively associated with an increased risk of SGA in offspring. Individuals with lower socio-economic status were more likely to experience pre-pregnancy maternal stress related to life and economic factors, which in turn contributed to a higher risk of SGA.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-024-03837-7Pre-pregnancy maternal stressSmall for gestational ageSocio-economic statusRetrospective cohort studyNational Preconception Health Care Project |
| spellingShingle | Manman Chen Qiongjie Zhou Yuanyuan Li Qu Lu Anying Bai Fangyi Ruan Yandan Liu Yu Jiang Xiaotian Li Association between pre-pregnancy maternal stress and small for gestational age: a population-based retrospective cohort study BMC Medicine Pre-pregnancy maternal stress Small for gestational age Socio-economic status Retrospective cohort study National Preconception Health Care Project |
| title | Association between pre-pregnancy maternal stress and small for gestational age: a population-based retrospective cohort study |
| title_full | Association between pre-pregnancy maternal stress and small for gestational age: a population-based retrospective cohort study |
| title_fullStr | Association between pre-pregnancy maternal stress and small for gestational age: a population-based retrospective cohort study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Association between pre-pregnancy maternal stress and small for gestational age: a population-based retrospective cohort study |
| title_short | Association between pre-pregnancy maternal stress and small for gestational age: a population-based retrospective cohort study |
| title_sort | association between pre pregnancy maternal stress and small for gestational age a population based retrospective cohort study |
| topic | Pre-pregnancy maternal stress Small for gestational age Socio-economic status Retrospective cohort study National Preconception Health Care Project |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-024-03837-7 |
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