Genetic and Phenotypic Divergence in a Dung Beetle 50 Years After Its Introduction to Australia

ABSTRACT Species translocations are increasingly being used in conservation and for biological control. The success of a translocation can be strongly influenced by the evolutionary processes occurring during the early phase of the introduction and the subsequent spread to new regions. In this study...

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Main Authors: Boikhutso Lerato Rapalai, Leigh W. Simmons, Theodore A. Evans, W. Jason Kennington
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2024-11-01
Series:Ecology and Evolution
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.70536
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author Boikhutso Lerato Rapalai
Leigh W. Simmons
Theodore A. Evans
W. Jason Kennington
author_facet Boikhutso Lerato Rapalai
Leigh W. Simmons
Theodore A. Evans
W. Jason Kennington
author_sort Boikhutso Lerato Rapalai
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Species translocations are increasingly being used in conservation and for biological control. The success of a translocation can be strongly influenced by the evolutionary processes occurring during the early phase of the introduction and the subsequent spread to new regions. In this study, morphological variation and population genetic structure were assessed in the African dung beetle Digitonthophagus gazella, a species that was intentionally introduced to Australia for biological control in 1968 and subsequently spread widely across the northern part of the continent. A dataset based on 1594 neutral single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci that were genotyped in 187 individuals from 12 sites revealed significant genetic divergences between sites (global FST = 0.118) and provides evidence of restricted gene flow among established populations at small to moderate spatial scales (74–500 km). Geometric morphometric analyses revealed significant divergence among populations in the shape of the foretibia, a trait ecologically important for tunnelling in soil and dung. Moreover, phenotypic divergence in this trait for both sexes was significantly higher than genetic differentiation at selectively neutral loci (PST > FST), suggesting that directional selection is contributing to the phenotypic divergences among populations. Our study shows how population structure can establish quickly in an introduced species and highlights the importance of considering local adaptation when performing translocations on established populations.
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spelling doaj-art-2cb1c03837954532b4a2568e27dbe4ba2024-12-20T04:20:57ZengWileyEcology and Evolution2045-77582024-11-011411n/an/a10.1002/ece3.70536Genetic and Phenotypic Divergence in a Dung Beetle 50 Years After Its Introduction to AustraliaBoikhutso Lerato Rapalai0Leigh W. Simmons1Theodore A. Evans2W. Jason Kennington3Centre for Evolutionary Biology The University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia AustraliaCentre for Evolutionary Biology The University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia AustraliaSchool of Biological Sciences The University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia AustraliaCentre for Evolutionary Biology The University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia AustraliaABSTRACT Species translocations are increasingly being used in conservation and for biological control. The success of a translocation can be strongly influenced by the evolutionary processes occurring during the early phase of the introduction and the subsequent spread to new regions. In this study, morphological variation and population genetic structure were assessed in the African dung beetle Digitonthophagus gazella, a species that was intentionally introduced to Australia for biological control in 1968 and subsequently spread widely across the northern part of the continent. A dataset based on 1594 neutral single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci that were genotyped in 187 individuals from 12 sites revealed significant genetic divergences between sites (global FST = 0.118) and provides evidence of restricted gene flow among established populations at small to moderate spatial scales (74–500 km). Geometric morphometric analyses revealed significant divergence among populations in the shape of the foretibia, a trait ecologically important for tunnelling in soil and dung. Moreover, phenotypic divergence in this trait for both sexes was significantly higher than genetic differentiation at selectively neutral loci (PST > FST), suggesting that directional selection is contributing to the phenotypic divergences among populations. Our study shows how population structure can establish quickly in an introduced species and highlights the importance of considering local adaptation when performing translocations on established populations.https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.70536Digitonthophagus gazellaintroduced speciesphenotypic adaptationpopulation structuresingle nucleotide polymorphisms
spellingShingle Boikhutso Lerato Rapalai
Leigh W. Simmons
Theodore A. Evans
W. Jason Kennington
Genetic and Phenotypic Divergence in a Dung Beetle 50 Years After Its Introduction to Australia
Ecology and Evolution
Digitonthophagus gazella
introduced species
phenotypic adaptation
population structure
single nucleotide polymorphisms
title Genetic and Phenotypic Divergence in a Dung Beetle 50 Years After Its Introduction to Australia
title_full Genetic and Phenotypic Divergence in a Dung Beetle 50 Years After Its Introduction to Australia
title_fullStr Genetic and Phenotypic Divergence in a Dung Beetle 50 Years After Its Introduction to Australia
title_full_unstemmed Genetic and Phenotypic Divergence in a Dung Beetle 50 Years After Its Introduction to Australia
title_short Genetic and Phenotypic Divergence in a Dung Beetle 50 Years After Its Introduction to Australia
title_sort genetic and phenotypic divergence in a dung beetle 50 years after its introduction to australia
topic Digitonthophagus gazella
introduced species
phenotypic adaptation
population structure
single nucleotide polymorphisms
url https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.70536
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