Unveiling the therapeutic potential of anthocyanin/cisplatin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles against breast and liver cancers
Abstract Background Liver and breast cancers are among the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, prompting researchers to seek natural anticancer agents and reduce chemotherapy side effects. Red beetroot (Beta vulgaris Linnaeus), rich in polyphenols and powerful antioxidants, has shown...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Cancer Nanotechnology |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12645-024-00297-9 |
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| author | Mai G. Awad Nemany A. N. Hanafy Ramadan A. Ali Dalia D. Abd El‑Monem Sara H. El-Shafiey Mohammed A. El‑Magd |
| author_facet | Mai G. Awad Nemany A. N. Hanafy Ramadan A. Ali Dalia D. Abd El‑Monem Sara H. El-Shafiey Mohammed A. El‑Magd |
| author_sort | Mai G. Awad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Liver and breast cancers are among the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, prompting researchers to seek natural anticancer agents and reduce chemotherapy side effects. Red beetroot (Beta vulgaris Linnaeus), rich in polyphenols and powerful antioxidants, has shown potential in cancer prevention. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of red beetroot-derived anthocyanin (Ant), Ant-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (Ant NPs), cisplatin (Cis), Cis-loaded chitosan (Cis NPs), and Cis + Ant-loaded chitosan NPs on human hepatoma HepG2 and breast adenocarcinoma MCF7 cell lines. Methods NPs preparation was evaluated by zeta potential, FTIR, and SEM. The cytotoxic, apoptotic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-metastatic, and anti-angiogenic effects were assessed by MTT assay, qPCR, AO/EB staining, and flow cytometry. Results Treatment with Ant, Ant NPs, Cis, Cis NPs, and Cis + Ant NPs caused cytotoxicity in HepG2 and MCF7 with best effect in Cis-treated cells. The anticancer effects were attributed to mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis (with high Bax and low Bcl2 expression), chromatin disintegration, and cell cycle arrest in G2/M and S phases. All treatments inhibited migration by downregulating the migration-related gene MMP9 and upregulating the anti-migratory gene TIMP1 and decreased the angiogenesis-related gene VEGF and the inflammatory gene TNFα with best results in Cis NPs-treated cells. Interestingly, Ant, Ant NPs, and Cis + Ant NPs increased the antioxidant status (high GSH and upregulated expression of Nrf2 and OH-1) and decreased drug resistance-related MAPK1 and MDR1 genes compared to Cis and Cis NPs-treated cells. Conclusions Anthocyanin and cisplatin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles effectively combat breast and liver cancers by inducing cancer cell apoptosis, enhancing antioxidant defenses, and reducing inflammation. They also inhibit tumor spread and blood vessel formation through downregulation of MMP9 and VEGF, highlighting their therapeutic potential. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2c67d586f9de4a4ca34e839f2dac051f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1868-6958 1868-6966 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancer Nanotechnology |
| spelling | doaj-art-2c67d586f9de4a4ca34e839f2dac051f2024-11-17T12:09:51ZengBMCCancer Nanotechnology1868-69581868-69662024-11-0115112410.1186/s12645-024-00297-9Unveiling the therapeutic potential of anthocyanin/cisplatin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles against breast and liver cancersMai G. Awad0Nemany A. N. Hanafy1Ramadan A. Ali2Dalia D. Abd El‑Monem3Sara H. El-Shafiey4Mohammed A. El‑Magd5Zoology Department, Faculty of Women for Arts Science and Education, Ain Shams UniversityGroup of Bionanotechnology and Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Kafrelsheikh UniversityZoology Department, Faculty of Women for Arts Science and Education, Ain Shams UniversityZoology Department, Faculty of Women for Arts Science and Education, Ain Shams UniversityZoology Department, Faculty of Women for Arts Science and Education, Ain Shams UniversityDepartment of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh UniversityAbstract Background Liver and breast cancers are among the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, prompting researchers to seek natural anticancer agents and reduce chemotherapy side effects. Red beetroot (Beta vulgaris Linnaeus), rich in polyphenols and powerful antioxidants, has shown potential in cancer prevention. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of red beetroot-derived anthocyanin (Ant), Ant-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (Ant NPs), cisplatin (Cis), Cis-loaded chitosan (Cis NPs), and Cis + Ant-loaded chitosan NPs on human hepatoma HepG2 and breast adenocarcinoma MCF7 cell lines. Methods NPs preparation was evaluated by zeta potential, FTIR, and SEM. The cytotoxic, apoptotic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-metastatic, and anti-angiogenic effects were assessed by MTT assay, qPCR, AO/EB staining, and flow cytometry. Results Treatment with Ant, Ant NPs, Cis, Cis NPs, and Cis + Ant NPs caused cytotoxicity in HepG2 and MCF7 with best effect in Cis-treated cells. The anticancer effects were attributed to mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis (with high Bax and low Bcl2 expression), chromatin disintegration, and cell cycle arrest in G2/M and S phases. All treatments inhibited migration by downregulating the migration-related gene MMP9 and upregulating the anti-migratory gene TIMP1 and decreased the angiogenesis-related gene VEGF and the inflammatory gene TNFα with best results in Cis NPs-treated cells. Interestingly, Ant, Ant NPs, and Cis + Ant NPs increased the antioxidant status (high GSH and upregulated expression of Nrf2 and OH-1) and decreased drug resistance-related MAPK1 and MDR1 genes compared to Cis and Cis NPs-treated cells. Conclusions Anthocyanin and cisplatin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles effectively combat breast and liver cancers by inducing cancer cell apoptosis, enhancing antioxidant defenses, and reducing inflammation. They also inhibit tumor spread and blood vessel formation through downregulation of MMP9 and VEGF, highlighting their therapeutic potential.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12645-024-00297-9AnthocyaninBeetrootCisplatinNanoparticlesAnticancerApoptosis |
| spellingShingle | Mai G. Awad Nemany A. N. Hanafy Ramadan A. Ali Dalia D. Abd El‑Monem Sara H. El-Shafiey Mohammed A. El‑Magd Unveiling the therapeutic potential of anthocyanin/cisplatin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles against breast and liver cancers Cancer Nanotechnology Anthocyanin Beetroot Cisplatin Nanoparticles Anticancer Apoptosis |
| title | Unveiling the therapeutic potential of anthocyanin/cisplatin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles against breast and liver cancers |
| title_full | Unveiling the therapeutic potential of anthocyanin/cisplatin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles against breast and liver cancers |
| title_fullStr | Unveiling the therapeutic potential of anthocyanin/cisplatin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles against breast and liver cancers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Unveiling the therapeutic potential of anthocyanin/cisplatin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles against breast and liver cancers |
| title_short | Unveiling the therapeutic potential of anthocyanin/cisplatin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles against breast and liver cancers |
| title_sort | unveiling the therapeutic potential of anthocyanin cisplatin loaded chitosan nanoparticles against breast and liver cancers |
| topic | Anthocyanin Beetroot Cisplatin Nanoparticles Anticancer Apoptosis |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12645-024-00297-9 |
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