An Epidemiological Study on <i>Salmonella</i> in Tibetan Yaks from the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau Area in China
<i>Salmonella</i> is an important foodborne pathogen that can cause a range of illnesses in humans; it has also been a key focus for monitoring in the field of public health, including gastroenteritis, sepsis, and arthritis, and can also cause a decline in egg production in poultry and d...
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/24/3697 |
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| author | Dengyu Li Kaiqin Zhang Xiaofeng Xue Zhanchun Bai La Yang Jingjing Qi Sizhu Suolang |
| author_facet | Dengyu Li Kaiqin Zhang Xiaofeng Xue Zhanchun Bai La Yang Jingjing Qi Sizhu Suolang |
| author_sort | Dengyu Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Salmonella</i> is an important foodborne pathogen that can cause a range of illnesses in humans; it has also been a key focus for monitoring in the field of public health, including gastroenteritis, sepsis, and arthritis, and can also cause a decline in egg production in poultry and diarrhea and abortion in livestock, leading to death in severe cases, resulting in huge economic losses. This study aimed to investigate the isolation rate, antimicrobial resistance, serotypes, and genetic diversity of <i>Salmonella</i> isolated from yak feces in various regions on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. A total of 1222 samples of yak dung were collected from major cities in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau area, and the sensitivity of the isolated bacteria to 10 major classes of antibiotics was determined using the K-B paper disk diffusion method for drug susceptibility. Meanwhile, the serotypes of the isolated bacteria were analyzed using the plate agglutination test for serum antigens, and their carriage of drug resistance and virulence genes was determined using PCR and gel electrophoresis experiments. The isolated bacteria were also classified using MLST (Multi-Locus Sequence Typing). The overall isolation rate for <i>Salmonella</i> was 18.25% (223/1222), and the results of the antibiotic susceptibility tests showed that 98.65% (220/223) of the isolated bacteria were resistant to multiple antibiotics. In the 223 isolates of <i>Salmonella</i>, eight classes of 20 different resistance genes, 30 serotypes, and 15 different types of virulence genes were detected. The MLST analysis identified 45 distinct sequence types (STs), including five clonal complexes, of which ST34, ST11, and ST19 were the most common. These findings contribute valuable information about strain resources, genetic profiles, and typing data for <i>Salmonella</i> in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau area, facilitating improved bacterial surveillance, identification, and control in yak populations. They also provide certain data supplements for animal <i>Salmonella</i> infections globally, filling research gaps. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2c1cbdb114594e58ad160fb1af1f7f31 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj-art-2c1cbdb114594e58ad160fb1af1f7f312024-12-27T14:05:57ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152024-12-011424369710.3390/ani14243697An Epidemiological Study on <i>Salmonella</i> in Tibetan Yaks from the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau Area in ChinaDengyu Li0Kaiqin Zhang1Xiaofeng Xue2Zhanchun Bai3La Yang4Jingjing Qi5Sizhu Suolang6College of Animal Science, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi 860000, ChinaCollege of Animal Science, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi 860000, ChinaCollege of Animal Science, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi 860000, ChinaCollege of Animal Science, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi 860000, ChinaCollege of Animal Science, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi 860000, ChinaShanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences China, Shanghai 200241, ChinaCollege of Animal Science, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi 860000, China<i>Salmonella</i> is an important foodborne pathogen that can cause a range of illnesses in humans; it has also been a key focus for monitoring in the field of public health, including gastroenteritis, sepsis, and arthritis, and can also cause a decline in egg production in poultry and diarrhea and abortion in livestock, leading to death in severe cases, resulting in huge economic losses. This study aimed to investigate the isolation rate, antimicrobial resistance, serotypes, and genetic diversity of <i>Salmonella</i> isolated from yak feces in various regions on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. A total of 1222 samples of yak dung were collected from major cities in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau area, and the sensitivity of the isolated bacteria to 10 major classes of antibiotics was determined using the K-B paper disk diffusion method for drug susceptibility. Meanwhile, the serotypes of the isolated bacteria were analyzed using the plate agglutination test for serum antigens, and their carriage of drug resistance and virulence genes was determined using PCR and gel electrophoresis experiments. The isolated bacteria were also classified using MLST (Multi-Locus Sequence Typing). The overall isolation rate for <i>Salmonella</i> was 18.25% (223/1222), and the results of the antibiotic susceptibility tests showed that 98.65% (220/223) of the isolated bacteria were resistant to multiple antibiotics. In the 223 isolates of <i>Salmonella</i>, eight classes of 20 different resistance genes, 30 serotypes, and 15 different types of virulence genes were detected. The MLST analysis identified 45 distinct sequence types (STs), including five clonal complexes, of which ST34, ST11, and ST19 were the most common. These findings contribute valuable information about strain resources, genetic profiles, and typing data for <i>Salmonella</i> in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau area, facilitating improved bacterial surveillance, identification, and control in yak populations. They also provide certain data supplements for animal <i>Salmonella</i> infections globally, filling research gaps.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/24/3697yaksdrug resistancemulti-locus sequence typing<i>Salmonella</i>serotype |
| spellingShingle | Dengyu Li Kaiqin Zhang Xiaofeng Xue Zhanchun Bai La Yang Jingjing Qi Sizhu Suolang An Epidemiological Study on <i>Salmonella</i> in Tibetan Yaks from the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau Area in China Animals yaks drug resistance multi-locus sequence typing <i>Salmonella</i> serotype |
| title | An Epidemiological Study on <i>Salmonella</i> in Tibetan Yaks from the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau Area in China |
| title_full | An Epidemiological Study on <i>Salmonella</i> in Tibetan Yaks from the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau Area in China |
| title_fullStr | An Epidemiological Study on <i>Salmonella</i> in Tibetan Yaks from the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau Area in China |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Epidemiological Study on <i>Salmonella</i> in Tibetan Yaks from the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau Area in China |
| title_short | An Epidemiological Study on <i>Salmonella</i> in Tibetan Yaks from the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau Area in China |
| title_sort | epidemiological study on i salmonella i in tibetan yaks from the qinghai tibet plateau area in china |
| topic | yaks drug resistance multi-locus sequence typing <i>Salmonella</i> serotype |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/24/3697 |
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