Evaluating rice lipid content, yield, and quality in response to nitrogen application rate and planting density
To investigate the effects of nitrogen (N) application rate and planting density (D) on the contents of lipid and free fatty acid, fatty acid composition, yield and quality of rice grain, a field experiment was conducted using Koshihikari (japonica) as experimental material from 2021 to 2022 with th...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-11-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2024.1469264/full |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849221316178083840 |
|---|---|
| author | Guangyi Chen Congmei Li Congmei Li Mingming Hu Xingmei He Hong Yang Qiuqiu Zhang Chaoyue Wu Qiang Duan Ligong Peng Yao Zhang Ziyu Li Yuyuan Ouyang Yuyuan Ouyang Yan Lan Tian Li |
| author_facet | Guangyi Chen Congmei Li Congmei Li Mingming Hu Xingmei He Hong Yang Qiuqiu Zhang Chaoyue Wu Qiang Duan Ligong Peng Yao Zhang Ziyu Li Yuyuan Ouyang Yuyuan Ouyang Yan Lan Tian Li |
| author_sort | Guangyi Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | To investigate the effects of nitrogen (N) application rate and planting density (D) on the contents of lipid and free fatty acid, fatty acid composition, yield and quality of rice grain, a field experiment was conducted using Koshihikari (japonica) as experimental material from 2021 to 2022 with three N levels (90, 150 and 210 kg ha-1, denoted as N1, N2 and N3, respectively) and three transplanting densities (19.0 × 104, 26.7 × 104 and 40.0 × 104 plants ha-1, denoted as D1, D2 and D3, respectively). The results showed that N application rate and planting density had highly significant impacts only on the contents of free fatty acid and saturated fatty acid, respectively. Increased N and planting density enhanced the contents of lipid (29.41 mg g-1) and free fatty acid (21.47%). The highest values were obtained under N3D3 increasing by 7.02% and 3.23 percentage points, respectively, compared to other treatments. No significant differences in lipid content were found among treatments, whereas free fatty acid exhibited significant differences. The unsaturated fatty acid content increased with increasing N but first decreased and then increased with increasing planting density, while saturated fatty acid content showed the opposite trend. Appropriate N level and planting density improved the relative chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of rice flag leaves, as well as increased grain yield, effective panicle number and spikelete number per panicle, but decreased the seed setting rate. Under N2D2, the relative chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate remained relatively high throughout the grain filling stage, resulting in the highest grain yield, with increases of 43.87-47.03% compared to other treatments. A moderate N level improved the milling quality of rice, while increased planting density reduced it. However, both increased N and planting density reduced the appearance quality and cooking and eating quality of rice. Overall, the effects of increasing N application rate and planting density on enhancing rice lipid and free fatty acid contents were limited. A combination of 150 kg ha-1 N application rate and 26.7 × 104 plants ha-1 was recommended for achieving relatively higher yield, lipid content and better grain quality. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2c0b44eed1a6407e8fd57e70b1627b43 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-2c0b44eed1a6407e8fd57e70b1627b432024-11-15T04:48:28ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2024-11-011510.3389/fpls.2024.14692641469264Evaluating rice lipid content, yield, and quality in response to nitrogen application rate and planting densityGuangyi Chen0Congmei Li1Congmei Li2Mingming Hu3Xingmei He4Hong Yang5Qiuqiu Zhang6Chaoyue Wu7Qiang Duan8Ligong Peng9Yao Zhang10Ziyu Li11Yuyuan Ouyang12Yuyuan Ouyang13Yan Lan14Tian Li15College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, ChinaCrop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, ChinaCrop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, ChinaSchool of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, ChinaTo investigate the effects of nitrogen (N) application rate and planting density (D) on the contents of lipid and free fatty acid, fatty acid composition, yield and quality of rice grain, a field experiment was conducted using Koshihikari (japonica) as experimental material from 2021 to 2022 with three N levels (90, 150 and 210 kg ha-1, denoted as N1, N2 and N3, respectively) and three transplanting densities (19.0 × 104, 26.7 × 104 and 40.0 × 104 plants ha-1, denoted as D1, D2 and D3, respectively). The results showed that N application rate and planting density had highly significant impacts only on the contents of free fatty acid and saturated fatty acid, respectively. Increased N and planting density enhanced the contents of lipid (29.41 mg g-1) and free fatty acid (21.47%). The highest values were obtained under N3D3 increasing by 7.02% and 3.23 percentage points, respectively, compared to other treatments. No significant differences in lipid content were found among treatments, whereas free fatty acid exhibited significant differences. The unsaturated fatty acid content increased with increasing N but first decreased and then increased with increasing planting density, while saturated fatty acid content showed the opposite trend. Appropriate N level and planting density improved the relative chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of rice flag leaves, as well as increased grain yield, effective panicle number and spikelete number per panicle, but decreased the seed setting rate. Under N2D2, the relative chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate remained relatively high throughout the grain filling stage, resulting in the highest grain yield, with increases of 43.87-47.03% compared to other treatments. A moderate N level improved the milling quality of rice, while increased planting density reduced it. However, both increased N and planting density reduced the appearance quality and cooking and eating quality of rice. Overall, the effects of increasing N application rate and planting density on enhancing rice lipid and free fatty acid contents were limited. A combination of 150 kg ha-1 N application rate and 26.7 × 104 plants ha-1 was recommended for achieving relatively higher yield, lipid content and better grain quality.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2024.1469264/fullricelipid contentnitrogen application rateplanting densityyieldquality |
| spellingShingle | Guangyi Chen Congmei Li Congmei Li Mingming Hu Xingmei He Hong Yang Qiuqiu Zhang Chaoyue Wu Qiang Duan Ligong Peng Yao Zhang Ziyu Li Yuyuan Ouyang Yuyuan Ouyang Yan Lan Tian Li Evaluating rice lipid content, yield, and quality in response to nitrogen application rate and planting density Frontiers in Plant Science rice lipid content nitrogen application rate planting density yield quality |
| title | Evaluating rice lipid content, yield, and quality in response to nitrogen application rate and planting density |
| title_full | Evaluating rice lipid content, yield, and quality in response to nitrogen application rate and planting density |
| title_fullStr | Evaluating rice lipid content, yield, and quality in response to nitrogen application rate and planting density |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluating rice lipid content, yield, and quality in response to nitrogen application rate and planting density |
| title_short | Evaluating rice lipid content, yield, and quality in response to nitrogen application rate and planting density |
| title_sort | evaluating rice lipid content yield and quality in response to nitrogen application rate and planting density |
| topic | rice lipid content nitrogen application rate planting density yield quality |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2024.1469264/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT guangyichen evaluatingricelipidcontentyieldandqualityinresponsetonitrogenapplicationrateandplantingdensity AT congmeili evaluatingricelipidcontentyieldandqualityinresponsetonitrogenapplicationrateandplantingdensity AT congmeili evaluatingricelipidcontentyieldandqualityinresponsetonitrogenapplicationrateandplantingdensity AT mingminghu evaluatingricelipidcontentyieldandqualityinresponsetonitrogenapplicationrateandplantingdensity AT xingmeihe evaluatingricelipidcontentyieldandqualityinresponsetonitrogenapplicationrateandplantingdensity AT hongyang evaluatingricelipidcontentyieldandqualityinresponsetonitrogenapplicationrateandplantingdensity AT qiuqiuzhang evaluatingricelipidcontentyieldandqualityinresponsetonitrogenapplicationrateandplantingdensity AT chaoyuewu evaluatingricelipidcontentyieldandqualityinresponsetonitrogenapplicationrateandplantingdensity AT qiangduan evaluatingricelipidcontentyieldandqualityinresponsetonitrogenapplicationrateandplantingdensity AT ligongpeng evaluatingricelipidcontentyieldandqualityinresponsetonitrogenapplicationrateandplantingdensity AT yaozhang evaluatingricelipidcontentyieldandqualityinresponsetonitrogenapplicationrateandplantingdensity AT ziyuli evaluatingricelipidcontentyieldandqualityinresponsetonitrogenapplicationrateandplantingdensity AT yuyuanouyang evaluatingricelipidcontentyieldandqualityinresponsetonitrogenapplicationrateandplantingdensity AT yuyuanouyang evaluatingricelipidcontentyieldandqualityinresponsetonitrogenapplicationrateandplantingdensity AT yanlan evaluatingricelipidcontentyieldandqualityinresponsetonitrogenapplicationrateandplantingdensity AT tianli evaluatingricelipidcontentyieldandqualityinresponsetonitrogenapplicationrateandplantingdensity |