Nonsurgical management of upper eyelid retraction in thyroid eye disease

Nonsurgical management of upper eyelid retraction in thyroid eye disease

Upper eyelid retraction (UER) is the most common sign of thyroid eye disease (TED) and may result in lagophthalmos and exposure keratopathy. Measures to address UER are varied and include conservative treatment, surgical intervention, and injections of botulinum toxin, hyaluronic acid (HA) filler, a...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Stephanie Ming Young, Yoon-Duck Kim, Kyung In Woo
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications 2024-12-01
Series:	Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology
Subjects:	botulinum toxin injection filler injection periocular steroid injection thyroid eye disease upper eyelid retraction
Online Access:	https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-23-00043
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