Metal Biomonitoring Through Arboreal Species in Riparian Ecosystems: <i>Pithecellobium dulce</i> as a Bioindicator Species
Water pollution by metals is a global environmental problem. In riparian ecosystems, metal pollution generates adverse effects on organisms and reduces water quality. The Cuautla River is of great ecological relevance and an important water supplier. However, it is polluted by multiple wastewater di...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Sayuri Hernández-Maravilla María Luisa Castrejón-Godínez Efraín Tovar-Sánchez Hugo Albeiro Saldarriaga-Noreña Alexis Rodríguez Marcos Eduardo Rosas-Ramírez Patricia Mussali-Galante |
| author_facet | Sayuri Hernández-Maravilla María Luisa Castrejón-Godínez Efraín Tovar-Sánchez Hugo Albeiro Saldarriaga-Noreña Alexis Rodríguez Marcos Eduardo Rosas-Ramírez Patricia Mussali-Galante |
| author_sort | Sayuri Hernández-Maravilla |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Water pollution by metals is a global environmental problem. In riparian ecosystems, metal pollution generates adverse effects on organisms and reduces water quality. The Cuautla River is of great ecological relevance and an important water supplier. However, it is polluted by multiple wastewater discharges from different origins, with toxic metals being the main pollutants. Therefore, environmental monitoring strategies based on bioindicator species are necessary to evaluate the ecosystem health of riparian ecosystems. <i>Pithecellobium dulce</i> (Roxb.) Benth is a tree species native to Mexico, widely distributed including in riparian ecosystems, and it is also established in contaminated sites. In this study, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn concentrations in water and sediment and in leaf and bark of adult <i>P. dulce</i> trees established in six sampling sites along the Cuautla’s riverbed were determined. Likewise, the genotoxic damage derived from metal exposure to leaves was evaluated. The results evidenced the presence of Cd and Pb in water and Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in sediment. <i>P. dulce</i> registered high levels of Cu, Pb, and Zn in both leaf and bark, showing higher concentrations in leaf than in bark. In addition, the greater the concentration of Pb in leaves, the greater the genotoxic damage observed, while the concentration of Cu and Zn did not show a relationship with the genotoxic damage in leaves. Overall, Cu and Pb concentrations in leaves enabled us to detect pollution gradients for these metals in water and sediment from the sampling sites. Due to its wide geographic distribution, establishment in polluted sites, and metal absorption capacity, <i>P. dulce</i> can be considered a bioindicator species for environmental health studies in riparian ecosystems contaminated with metals. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2a9c61b205d541b990413018df9f1962 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj-art-2a9c61b205d541b990413018df9f19622025-01-10T13:19:48ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-01-0114111810.3390/plants14010118Metal Biomonitoring Through Arboreal Species in Riparian Ecosystems: <i>Pithecellobium dulce</i> as a Bioindicator SpeciesSayuri Hernández-Maravilla0María Luisa Castrejón-Godínez1Efraín Tovar-Sánchez2Hugo Albeiro Saldarriaga-Noreña3Alexis Rodríguez4Marcos Eduardo Rosas-Ramírez5Patricia Mussali-Galante6Laboratorio de Investigaciones Ambientales, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad, 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca C.P. 62209, Morelos, MexicoFacultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad, 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca C.P. 62209, Morelos, MexicoCentro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad, 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca C.P. 62209, Morelos, MexicoCentro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad, 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca C.P. 62209, Morelos, MexicoLaboratorio de Investigaciones Ambientales, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad, 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca C.P. 62209, Morelos, MexicoLaboratorio de Investigaciones Ambientales, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad, 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca C.P. 62209, Morelos, MexicoLaboratorio de Investigaciones Ambientales, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad, 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca C.P. 62209, Morelos, MexicoWater pollution by metals is a global environmental problem. In riparian ecosystems, metal pollution generates adverse effects on organisms and reduces water quality. The Cuautla River is of great ecological relevance and an important water supplier. However, it is polluted by multiple wastewater discharges from different origins, with toxic metals being the main pollutants. Therefore, environmental monitoring strategies based on bioindicator species are necessary to evaluate the ecosystem health of riparian ecosystems. <i>Pithecellobium dulce</i> (Roxb.) Benth is a tree species native to Mexico, widely distributed including in riparian ecosystems, and it is also established in contaminated sites. In this study, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn concentrations in water and sediment and in leaf and bark of adult <i>P. dulce</i> trees established in six sampling sites along the Cuautla’s riverbed were determined. Likewise, the genotoxic damage derived from metal exposure to leaves was evaluated. The results evidenced the presence of Cd and Pb in water and Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in sediment. <i>P. dulce</i> registered high levels of Cu, Pb, and Zn in both leaf and bark, showing higher concentrations in leaf than in bark. In addition, the greater the concentration of Pb in leaves, the greater the genotoxic damage observed, while the concentration of Cu and Zn did not show a relationship with the genotoxic damage in leaves. Overall, Cu and Pb concentrations in leaves enabled us to detect pollution gradients for these metals in water and sediment from the sampling sites. Due to its wide geographic distribution, establishment in polluted sites, and metal absorption capacity, <i>P. dulce</i> can be considered a bioindicator species for environmental health studies in riparian ecosystems contaminated with metals.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/1/118water pollutionmetalsbioindicator species<i>Pithecellobium dulce</i>riparian ecosystems |
| spellingShingle | Sayuri Hernández-Maravilla María Luisa Castrejón-Godínez Efraín Tovar-Sánchez Hugo Albeiro Saldarriaga-Noreña Alexis Rodríguez Marcos Eduardo Rosas-Ramírez Patricia Mussali-Galante Metal Biomonitoring Through Arboreal Species in Riparian Ecosystems: <i>Pithecellobium dulce</i> as a Bioindicator Species Plants water pollution metals bioindicator species <i>Pithecellobium dulce</i> riparian ecosystems |
| title | Metal Biomonitoring Through Arboreal Species in Riparian Ecosystems: <i>Pithecellobium dulce</i> as a Bioindicator Species |
| title_full | Metal Biomonitoring Through Arboreal Species in Riparian Ecosystems: <i>Pithecellobium dulce</i> as a Bioindicator Species |
| title_fullStr | Metal Biomonitoring Through Arboreal Species in Riparian Ecosystems: <i>Pithecellobium dulce</i> as a Bioindicator Species |
| title_full_unstemmed | Metal Biomonitoring Through Arboreal Species in Riparian Ecosystems: <i>Pithecellobium dulce</i> as a Bioindicator Species |
| title_short | Metal Biomonitoring Through Arboreal Species in Riparian Ecosystems: <i>Pithecellobium dulce</i> as a Bioindicator Species |
| title_sort | metal biomonitoring through arboreal species in riparian ecosystems i pithecellobium dulce i as a bioindicator species |
| topic | water pollution metals bioindicator species <i>Pithecellobium dulce</i> riparian ecosystems |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/1/118 |
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