Co-immunization with spike and nucleocapsid based DNA vaccines for long-term protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron
Abstract The continuing evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants challenges the durability of existing spike (S)-based COVID-19 vaccines. We hypothesized that vaccines composed of both S and nucleocapsid (N) antigens would increase the durability of protection by strengthening and broadening cellular immuni...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2024-12-01
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| Series: | npj Vaccines |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-024-01043-3 |
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| author | Paolla Beatriz Almeida Pinto Julia Timis Kantinan Chuensirikulchai Qin Hui Li Hsueh Han Lu Erin Maule Michael Nguyen Rúbens Prince dos Santos Alves Shailendra Kumar Verma Fernanda Ana-Sosa-Batiz Kristen Valentine Sara Landeras-Bueno Kenneth Kim Kathryn Hastie Erica Ollmann Saphire Ada Alves Annie Elong Ngono Sujan Shresta |
| author_facet | Paolla Beatriz Almeida Pinto Julia Timis Kantinan Chuensirikulchai Qin Hui Li Hsueh Han Lu Erin Maule Michael Nguyen Rúbens Prince dos Santos Alves Shailendra Kumar Verma Fernanda Ana-Sosa-Batiz Kristen Valentine Sara Landeras-Bueno Kenneth Kim Kathryn Hastie Erica Ollmann Saphire Ada Alves Annie Elong Ngono Sujan Shresta |
| author_sort | Paolla Beatriz Almeida Pinto |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The continuing evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants challenges the durability of existing spike (S)-based COVID-19 vaccines. We hypothesized that vaccines composed of both S and nucleocapsid (N) antigens would increase the durability of protection by strengthening and broadening cellular immunity compared with S-based vaccines. To test this, we examined the immunogenicity and efficacy of wild-type SARS-CoV-2 S- and N-based DNA vaccines administered individually or together to K18-hACE2 mice. S, N, and S + N vaccines all elicited polyfunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses and provided short-term cross-protection against Beta and Omicron BA.2 variants, but only co-immunization with S + N vaccines provided long-term protection against Omicron BA.2. Depletion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells reduced the long-term efficacy, demonstrating a crucial role for T cells in the durability of protection. These findings underscore the potential to enhance long-lived protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants by combining S and N antigens in next-generation COVID-19 vaccines. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2a875f4f5f724a3c9cd423ad07c07eb1 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2059-0105 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | npj Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj-art-2a875f4f5f724a3c9cd423ad07c07eb12024-12-22T12:13:14ZengNature Portfolionpj Vaccines2059-01052024-12-019111510.1038/s41541-024-01043-3Co-immunization with spike and nucleocapsid based DNA vaccines for long-term protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 OmicronPaolla Beatriz Almeida Pinto0Julia Timis1Kantinan Chuensirikulchai2Qin Hui Li3Hsueh Han Lu4Erin Maule5Michael Nguyen6Rúbens Prince dos Santos Alves7Shailendra Kumar Verma8Fernanda Ana-Sosa-Batiz9Kristen Valentine10Sara Landeras-Bueno11Kenneth Kim12Kathryn Hastie13Erica Ollmann Saphire14Ada Alves15Annie Elong Ngono16Sujan Shresta17Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for ImmunologyCenter for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for ImmunologyCenter for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for ImmunologyCenter for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for ImmunologyCenter for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for ImmunologyCenter for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for ImmunologyCenter for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for ImmunologyCenter for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for ImmunologyCenter for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for ImmunologyCenter for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for ImmunologyCenter for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for ImmunologyCenter for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for ImmunologyCenter for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for ImmunologyCenter for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for ImmunologyCenter for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for ImmunologyLaboratory of Biotechnology and Physiology of Viral Infections, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FiocruzCenter for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for ImmunologyCenter for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for ImmunologyAbstract The continuing evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants challenges the durability of existing spike (S)-based COVID-19 vaccines. We hypothesized that vaccines composed of both S and nucleocapsid (N) antigens would increase the durability of protection by strengthening and broadening cellular immunity compared with S-based vaccines. To test this, we examined the immunogenicity and efficacy of wild-type SARS-CoV-2 S- and N-based DNA vaccines administered individually or together to K18-hACE2 mice. S, N, and S + N vaccines all elicited polyfunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses and provided short-term cross-protection against Beta and Omicron BA.2 variants, but only co-immunization with S + N vaccines provided long-term protection against Omicron BA.2. Depletion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells reduced the long-term efficacy, demonstrating a crucial role for T cells in the durability of protection. These findings underscore the potential to enhance long-lived protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants by combining S and N antigens in next-generation COVID-19 vaccines.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-024-01043-3 |
| spellingShingle | Paolla Beatriz Almeida Pinto Julia Timis Kantinan Chuensirikulchai Qin Hui Li Hsueh Han Lu Erin Maule Michael Nguyen Rúbens Prince dos Santos Alves Shailendra Kumar Verma Fernanda Ana-Sosa-Batiz Kristen Valentine Sara Landeras-Bueno Kenneth Kim Kathryn Hastie Erica Ollmann Saphire Ada Alves Annie Elong Ngono Sujan Shresta Co-immunization with spike and nucleocapsid based DNA vaccines for long-term protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron npj Vaccines |
| title | Co-immunization with spike and nucleocapsid based DNA vaccines for long-term protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron |
| title_full | Co-immunization with spike and nucleocapsid based DNA vaccines for long-term protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron |
| title_fullStr | Co-immunization with spike and nucleocapsid based DNA vaccines for long-term protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron |
| title_full_unstemmed | Co-immunization with spike and nucleocapsid based DNA vaccines for long-term protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron |
| title_short | Co-immunization with spike and nucleocapsid based DNA vaccines for long-term protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron |
| title_sort | co immunization with spike and nucleocapsid based dna vaccines for long term protective immunity against sars cov 2 omicron |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-024-01043-3 |
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