Evaluation of Root Canal Cleaning and Irrigant Penetration Using Different Irrigation Protocols: A Combined SEM and Single‐Tooth Micro‐CT Study

Evaluation of Root Canal Cleaning and Irrigant Penetration Using Different Irrigation Protocols: A Combined SEM and Single‐Tooth Micro‐CT Study

ABSTRACT Objectives This study evaluated the effectiveness of different irrigation techniques in removing debris and smear layers and in improving irrigant penetration within root canals. Particular attention was given to the 3D Cleaning technique, which combines ultrasonic activation with internal...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Alfredo Iandolo, Niccolò Giuseppe Armogida, Davide Mancino, Gianrico Spagnuolo, Mariangela Cernera, Dina Abdellatif
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-08-01
Series:Clinical and Experimental Dental Research
Subjects:
endodontics
heating activation
root canal irrigants
smear layer removal
sonic irrigation
ultrasonic irrigation
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/cre2.70175
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