Prevalence and clinical significance of Claudin-3 expression in cancer: a tissue microarray study on 14,966 tumor samples

Abstract Background Claudin-3 (CLDN3) participates in the formation of the tight-junctions (TJs) that regulate intercellular permeability. Altered CLDN3 expression has been linked to tumor progression in multiple tumor types. Despite its widespread expression in normal epithelial cells, CLDN3 is con...

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Main Authors: Seyma Büyücek, Nina Schraps, Anne Menz, Florian Lutz, Viktoria Chirico, Florian Viehweger, David Dum, Ria Schlichter, Andrea Hinsch, Christoph Fraune, Christian Bernreuther, Martina Kluth, Claudia Hube-Magg, Katharina Möller, Viktor Reiswich, Andreas M. Luebke, Patrick Lebok, Sören Weidemann, Guido Sauter, Maximilian Lennartz, Frank Jacobsen, Till S. Clauditz, Andreas H. Marx, Ronald Simon, Stefan Steurer, Eike Burandt, Natalia Gorbokon, Sarah Minner, Till Krech, Morton Freytag
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2024-12-01
Series:Biomarker Research
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40364-024-00702-w
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author Seyma Büyücek
Nina Schraps
Anne Menz
Florian Lutz
Viktoria Chirico
Florian Viehweger
David Dum
Ria Schlichter
Andrea Hinsch
Christoph Fraune
Christian Bernreuther
Martina Kluth
Claudia Hube-Magg
Katharina Möller
Viktor Reiswich
Andreas M. Luebke
Patrick Lebok
Sören Weidemann
Guido Sauter
Maximilian Lennartz
Frank Jacobsen
Till S. Clauditz
Andreas H. Marx
Ronald Simon
Stefan Steurer
Eike Burandt
Natalia Gorbokon
Sarah Minner
Till Krech
Morton Freytag
author_facet Seyma Büyücek
Nina Schraps
Anne Menz
Florian Lutz
Viktoria Chirico
Florian Viehweger
David Dum
Ria Schlichter
Andrea Hinsch
Christoph Fraune
Christian Bernreuther
Martina Kluth
Claudia Hube-Magg
Katharina Möller
Viktor Reiswich
Andreas M. Luebke
Patrick Lebok
Sören Weidemann
Guido Sauter
Maximilian Lennartz
Frank Jacobsen
Till S. Clauditz
Andreas H. Marx
Ronald Simon
Stefan Steurer
Eike Burandt
Natalia Gorbokon
Sarah Minner
Till Krech
Morton Freytag
author_sort Seyma Büyücek
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Claudin-3 (CLDN3) participates in the formation of the tight-junctions (TJs) that regulate intercellular permeability. Altered CLDN3 expression has been linked to tumor progression in multiple tumor types. Despite its widespread expression in normal epithelial cells, CLDN3 is considered an attractive drug target candidate, since it may be more accessible in cancer cells than in normal cells due to their less orchestrated cell growth. Methods To comprehensively determine the prevalence of CLDN3 expression in cancer, a tissue microarray containing 14,966 samples from 133 different tumor types and subtypes as well as 608 samples of 76 different normal tissue types was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Results CLDN3 immunostaining was observed in 8,479 (68.9%) of 12,314 analyzable tumors, including 11.6% with weak, 6.2% with moderate, and 51.1% with strong positivity. CLDN3 staining was found in 96 of 133 tumor categories, 80 of which contained at least one strongly positive case. CLDN3 positivity was most seen in neuroendocrine neoplasms (92–100%) and in adenocarcinomas (67–100%), tumors of the female genital tract, including various subtypes of ovarian and endometrial carcinoma (up to 100%), as well as different subtypes of breast cancer (95.3–100%). CLDN3 positivity was less common in squamous cell carcinomas (0–43.2%) and mainly absent in melanoma, mesenchymal, and hematolymphatic neoplasms. In clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), low CLDN3 was strongly linked to poor ISUP (p < 0.0001), Fuhrman (p < 0.0001), and Thoenes (p < 0.0001) grades, advanced pT category (p < 0.0001), high UICC stage (p = 0.0006) and distant metastasis (p = 0.0011), as well as shortened overall (p = 0.0118) and recurrence-free (p < 0.0001) survival. In papillary RCC (pRCC), low CLDN3 was associated with poor grade (p < 0.05), high pT (p = 0.0273) and distant metastasis (p = 0.0357). In urothelial carcinoma high CLDN3 was linked to high grade (p < 0.0001) and nodal metastasis (p = 0.0111). The level of CLDN3 staining was unrelated to parameters of tumor aggressiveness in pancreatic, gastric, and breast cancer. Conclusion In conclusion, our data demonstrate significant levels of CLDN3 expression in many different tumor entities and identify reduced CLDN3 expression as a potential prognostic marker in RCC.
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spelling doaj-art-29aab683632e4490aaaf89e2dde1d4cb2024-12-15T12:10:46ZengBMCBiomarker Research2050-77712024-12-0112111710.1186/s40364-024-00702-wPrevalence and clinical significance of Claudin-3 expression in cancer: a tissue microarray study on 14,966 tumor samplesSeyma Büyücek0Nina Schraps1Anne Menz2Florian Lutz3Viktoria Chirico4Florian Viehweger5David Dum6Ria Schlichter7Andrea Hinsch8Christoph Fraune9Christian Bernreuther10Martina Kluth11Claudia Hube-Magg12Katharina Möller13Viktor Reiswich14Andreas M. Luebke15Patrick Lebok16Sören Weidemann17Guido Sauter18Maximilian Lennartz19Frank Jacobsen20Till S. Clauditz21Andreas H. Marx22Ronald Simon23Stefan Steurer24Eike Burandt25Natalia Gorbokon26Sarah Minner27Till Krech28Morton Freytag29Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfGeneral, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfInstitute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfInstitute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfInstitute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfInstitute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfInstitute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfInstitute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfInstitute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfInstitute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfInstitute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfInstitute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfInstitute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfInstitute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfInstitute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfInstitute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfInstitute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfInstitute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfInstitute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfInstitute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfInstitute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfInstitute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfInstitute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfInstitute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfInstitute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfInstitute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfInstitute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfInstitute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfInstitute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfInstitute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfAbstract Background Claudin-3 (CLDN3) participates in the formation of the tight-junctions (TJs) that regulate intercellular permeability. Altered CLDN3 expression has been linked to tumor progression in multiple tumor types. Despite its widespread expression in normal epithelial cells, CLDN3 is considered an attractive drug target candidate, since it may be more accessible in cancer cells than in normal cells due to their less orchestrated cell growth. Methods To comprehensively determine the prevalence of CLDN3 expression in cancer, a tissue microarray containing 14,966 samples from 133 different tumor types and subtypes as well as 608 samples of 76 different normal tissue types was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Results CLDN3 immunostaining was observed in 8,479 (68.9%) of 12,314 analyzable tumors, including 11.6% with weak, 6.2% with moderate, and 51.1% with strong positivity. CLDN3 staining was found in 96 of 133 tumor categories, 80 of which contained at least one strongly positive case. CLDN3 positivity was most seen in neuroendocrine neoplasms (92–100%) and in adenocarcinomas (67–100%), tumors of the female genital tract, including various subtypes of ovarian and endometrial carcinoma (up to 100%), as well as different subtypes of breast cancer (95.3–100%). CLDN3 positivity was less common in squamous cell carcinomas (0–43.2%) and mainly absent in melanoma, mesenchymal, and hematolymphatic neoplasms. In clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), low CLDN3 was strongly linked to poor ISUP (p < 0.0001), Fuhrman (p < 0.0001), and Thoenes (p < 0.0001) grades, advanced pT category (p < 0.0001), high UICC stage (p = 0.0006) and distant metastasis (p = 0.0011), as well as shortened overall (p = 0.0118) and recurrence-free (p < 0.0001) survival. In papillary RCC (pRCC), low CLDN3 was associated with poor grade (p < 0.05), high pT (p = 0.0273) and distant metastasis (p = 0.0357). In urothelial carcinoma high CLDN3 was linked to high grade (p < 0.0001) and nodal metastasis (p = 0.0111). The level of CLDN3 staining was unrelated to parameters of tumor aggressiveness in pancreatic, gastric, and breast cancer. Conclusion In conclusion, our data demonstrate significant levels of CLDN3 expression in many different tumor entities and identify reduced CLDN3 expression as a potential prognostic marker in RCC.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40364-024-00702-wCLDN3Tissue microarrayCancerRenal cell carcinomaBiomarker
spellingShingle Seyma Büyücek
Nina Schraps
Anne Menz
Florian Lutz
Viktoria Chirico
Florian Viehweger
David Dum
Ria Schlichter
Andrea Hinsch
Christoph Fraune
Christian Bernreuther
Martina Kluth
Claudia Hube-Magg
Katharina Möller
Viktor Reiswich
Andreas M. Luebke
Patrick Lebok
Sören Weidemann
Guido Sauter
Maximilian Lennartz
Frank Jacobsen
Till S. Clauditz
Andreas H. Marx
Ronald Simon
Stefan Steurer
Eike Burandt
Natalia Gorbokon
Sarah Minner
Till Krech
Morton Freytag
Prevalence and clinical significance of Claudin-3 expression in cancer: a tissue microarray study on 14,966 tumor samples
Biomarker Research
CLDN3
Tissue microarray
Cancer
Renal cell carcinoma
Biomarker
title Prevalence and clinical significance of Claudin-3 expression in cancer: a tissue microarray study on 14,966 tumor samples
title_full Prevalence and clinical significance of Claudin-3 expression in cancer: a tissue microarray study on 14,966 tumor samples
title_fullStr Prevalence and clinical significance of Claudin-3 expression in cancer: a tissue microarray study on 14,966 tumor samples
title_full_unstemmed Prevalence and clinical significance of Claudin-3 expression in cancer: a tissue microarray study on 14,966 tumor samples
title_short Prevalence and clinical significance of Claudin-3 expression in cancer: a tissue microarray study on 14,966 tumor samples
title_sort prevalence and clinical significance of claudin 3 expression in cancer a tissue microarray study on 14 966 tumor samples
topic CLDN3
Tissue microarray
Cancer
Renal cell carcinoma
Biomarker
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40364-024-00702-w
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