Research of selective laser melting process and properties of Y2O3 dispersion strengthened high speed steel

M2 high speed steel (W6Mo5Cr4V2) is an important engineering material, and with modern industry progressing, increased requirements are put forward for improved performance of high speed steel. To improve its comprehensive properties, M2 high speed steel powder is mixed with nano-sized Y2O3 particle...

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Main Authors: Yan LIU, Dingguo ZHAO, Yue LI, Xiaojie CUI, Shuhuan WANG, Yuekai XUE
Format: Article
Language:zho
Published: Science Press 2025-01-01
Series:工程科学学报
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Online Access:http://cje.ustb.edu.cn/article/doi/10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2023.09.25.002
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author Yan LIU
Dingguo ZHAO
Yue LI
Xiaojie CUI
Shuhuan WANG
Yuekai XUE
author_facet Yan LIU
Dingguo ZHAO
Yue LI
Xiaojie CUI
Shuhuan WANG
Yuekai XUE
author_sort Yan LIU
collection DOAJ
description M2 high speed steel (W6Mo5Cr4V2) is an important engineering material, and with modern industry progressing, increased requirements are put forward for improved performance of high speed steel. To improve its comprehensive properties, M2 high speed steel powder is mixed with nano-sized Y2O3 particles through mechanical alloying. This mixture is then used to create Y2O3 dispersion strengthened M2 high speed steel by selective laser melting (SLM) electrometallurgy technology. The process parameters for SLM are as follows: laser power of 220 W, scanning speed of 800 mm·s−1, powder layer thickness of 0.03 mm, scanning spacing of 0.1 mm, and a substrate preheating temperature of 200 ℃. The effects of Y2O3 particles on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the prepared high speed steel were investigated using various techniques, including optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and mechanical property tests. Experimental results show that after low-energy ball milling, the M2 high speed steel powder remains mostly spherical with minimal deformation, preventing uneven spreading during the powder laying process. The surface of M2 high speed steel powder is coated with a large number of nanometer-sized Y2O3 particles. The relative density of Y2O3 dispersion strengthened samples formed by SLM is 98.3%. These samples exhibit a relatively smooth surface without obvious cracks, and the quality of the top surface quality is better than that of the side surfaces. The material’s basic structure and morphology are influenced by the molten pool and channel. Hexagonal honeycomb grains are evident in the molten channel, with fine grains distributed at the edges and slightly larger grains inside. The molten pool consists mainly of equiaxed crystals at the center and columnar dendrites at the boundaries, with grains growing epitaxially along the molten pool boundary. EDS (energy dispersive spectrometer) results show that elements Y and O are evenly distributed within the matrix, with no significant segregation. Subsequently, phase analysis reveals that adding Y2O3 particles has little effect on the phase composition of M2 high speed steel, which remains mainly martensite, residual austenite, and carbides. Owing to the small amount of Y2O3 added, no diffraction peaks of Y2O3 were found in the detection range. TEM results show that Y2O3 particles are larger at grain boundaries, reaching up to 90 nm, while smaller nanoparticles are diffusely distributed within the grains. Mechanical testing indicates that Y2O3 dispersion strengthened high speed steel samples fabricated by SLM exhibit good mechanical properties, with tensile strength reaching 943 MPa, a 36% increase compared to M2 high speed steel without Y2O3 particles. Its fracture surface is flat with a few cleavage steps and columnar crystals, indicating brittle fracture behavior. The addition of Y2O3 particles produces a larger number of nucleation sites, refines grain size, and hinders dislocation movement, preventing crack propagation along grain boundaries, thereby enhancing the mechanical properties of M2 high speed steel.
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publishDate 2025-01-01
publisher Science Press
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series 工程科学学报
spelling doaj-art-29869fc44dcb49b3acb3dbf8a2214e282024-12-20T09:19:13ZzhoScience Press工程科学学报2095-93892025-01-01471334310.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2023.09.25.002230925-0002Research of selective laser melting process and properties of Y2O3 dispersion strengthened high speed steelYan LIU0Dingguo ZHAO1Yue LI2Xiaojie CUI3Shuhuan WANG4Yuekai XUE5School of Metallurgy and Energy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, ChinaSchool of Metallurgy and Energy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, ChinaSchool of Metallurgy and Energy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, ChinaSchool of Metallurgy and Energy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, ChinaSchool of Metallurgy and Energy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, ChinaSchool of Metallurgy and Energy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, ChinaM2 high speed steel (W6Mo5Cr4V2) is an important engineering material, and with modern industry progressing, increased requirements are put forward for improved performance of high speed steel. To improve its comprehensive properties, M2 high speed steel powder is mixed with nano-sized Y2O3 particles through mechanical alloying. This mixture is then used to create Y2O3 dispersion strengthened M2 high speed steel by selective laser melting (SLM) electrometallurgy technology. The process parameters for SLM are as follows: laser power of 220 W, scanning speed of 800 mm·s−1, powder layer thickness of 0.03 mm, scanning spacing of 0.1 mm, and a substrate preheating temperature of 200 ℃. The effects of Y2O3 particles on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the prepared high speed steel were investigated using various techniques, including optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and mechanical property tests. Experimental results show that after low-energy ball milling, the M2 high speed steel powder remains mostly spherical with minimal deformation, preventing uneven spreading during the powder laying process. The surface of M2 high speed steel powder is coated with a large number of nanometer-sized Y2O3 particles. The relative density of Y2O3 dispersion strengthened samples formed by SLM is 98.3%. These samples exhibit a relatively smooth surface without obvious cracks, and the quality of the top surface quality is better than that of the side surfaces. The material’s basic structure and morphology are influenced by the molten pool and channel. Hexagonal honeycomb grains are evident in the molten channel, with fine grains distributed at the edges and slightly larger grains inside. The molten pool consists mainly of equiaxed crystals at the center and columnar dendrites at the boundaries, with grains growing epitaxially along the molten pool boundary. EDS (energy dispersive spectrometer) results show that elements Y and O are evenly distributed within the matrix, with no significant segregation. Subsequently, phase analysis reveals that adding Y2O3 particles has little effect on the phase composition of M2 high speed steel, which remains mainly martensite, residual austenite, and carbides. Owing to the small amount of Y2O3 added, no diffraction peaks of Y2O3 were found in the detection range. TEM results show that Y2O3 particles are larger at grain boundaries, reaching up to 90 nm, while smaller nanoparticles are diffusely distributed within the grains. Mechanical testing indicates that Y2O3 dispersion strengthened high speed steel samples fabricated by SLM exhibit good mechanical properties, with tensile strength reaching 943 MPa, a 36% increase compared to M2 high speed steel without Y2O3 particles. Its fracture surface is flat with a few cleavage steps and columnar crystals, indicating brittle fracture behavior. The addition of Y2O3 particles produces a larger number of nucleation sites, refines grain size, and hinders dislocation movement, preventing crack propagation along grain boundaries, thereby enhancing the mechanical properties of M2 high speed steel.http://cje.ustb.edu.cn/article/doi/10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2023.09.25.002selective laser meltingm2 high speed steeloxide dispersion strengthenedlaser electrometallurgymechanical property
spellingShingle Yan LIU
Dingguo ZHAO
Yue LI
Xiaojie CUI
Shuhuan WANG
Yuekai XUE
Research of selective laser melting process and properties of Y2O3 dispersion strengthened high speed steel
工程科学学报
selective laser melting
m2 high speed steel
oxide dispersion strengthened
laser electrometallurgy
mechanical property
title Research of selective laser melting process and properties of Y2O3 dispersion strengthened high speed steel
title_full Research of selective laser melting process and properties of Y2O3 dispersion strengthened high speed steel
title_fullStr Research of selective laser melting process and properties of Y2O3 dispersion strengthened high speed steel
title_full_unstemmed Research of selective laser melting process and properties of Y2O3 dispersion strengthened high speed steel
title_short Research of selective laser melting process and properties of Y2O3 dispersion strengthened high speed steel
title_sort research of selective laser melting process and properties of y2o3 dispersion strengthened high speed steel
topic selective laser melting
m2 high speed steel
oxide dispersion strengthened
laser electrometallurgy
mechanical property
url http://cje.ustb.edu.cn/article/doi/10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2023.09.25.002
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