Daily Estimates of Global Radiation in the Brazilian Amazon from Simplified Models
Solar radiation is an element and a meteorological factor that is present in several processes, such as evapotranspiration, photosynthesis, and energy generation, among others. However, in some regions, there is a limitation in surface data measurements. In this study, 87 empirical models were evalu...
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2024-11-01
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| author | Charles Campoe Martim Rhavel Salviano Dias Paulista Daniela Castagna Daniela Roberta Borella Frederico Terra de Almeida João Gabriel Ribeiro Damian Adilson Pacheco de Souza |
| author_facet | Charles Campoe Martim Rhavel Salviano Dias Paulista Daniela Castagna Daniela Roberta Borella Frederico Terra de Almeida João Gabriel Ribeiro Damian Adilson Pacheco de Souza |
| author_sort | Charles Campoe Martim |
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| description | Solar radiation is an element and a meteorological factor that is present in several processes, such as evapotranspiration, photosynthesis, and energy generation, among others. However, in some regions, there is a limitation in surface data measurements. In this study, 87 empirical models were evaluated to estimate global radiation (Hg) in the Brazilian Amazon biome; these models were divided into five groups according to the input variables, such as insolation (group I), air temperature (group II), relative humidity (group III), astronomical variables (group IV), and hybrid models (group V). The estimates were evaluated by their significance (<i>t</i>-test) and then according to the statistical metrics of the models’ performance (R<sup>2</sup>, MBE, RMSE, and d). The group V model <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mfenced open="[" close="]" separators="|"><mrow><mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi></mrow><mo>/</mo><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi><mo>+</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">b</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi><mo>∆</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">T</mi><mo>+</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi></mrow></mrow><msup><mrow><mfenced separators="|"><mrow><mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi></mrow><mo>/</mo><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></mrow></mrow></mfenced></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi></mrow></msup></mrow></mfenced></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> presented the best statistical performance in all the evaluated indicators, followed by the group I model <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mfenced open="[" close="]" separators="|"><mrow><mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi></mrow><mo>/</mo><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi><mo>+</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">b</mi></mrow></mrow><msup><mrow><mfenced separators="|"><mrow><mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi></mrow><mo>/</mo><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></mrow></mrow></mfenced></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi></mrow></msup></mrow></mfenced></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, and then the group II model <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mfenced open="[" close="]" separators="|"><mrow><mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi></mrow><mo>/</mo><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi><mo>+</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">b</mi><mo>∆</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">T</mi><mo>+</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi><msup><mrow><mo>∆</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">T</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0.25</mn></mrow></msup><mo>+</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi></mrow></mrow><msup><mrow><mo>∆</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">T</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0.5</mn></mrow></msup><mo>+</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi><mfenced separators="|"><mrow><mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">T</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi></mrow><mo>/</mo><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></mrow></mrow></mfenced></mrow></mfenced></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. The group III models presented a low statistical performance, and the group IV models were not significant (NS) in all the evaluated meteorological stations. In general, it was found that the simplified or hybrid models based on insolation and air temperature were efficient in estimating Hg in the Brazilian Amazon biome. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2965b1dfc2714d6a81ae81df4328ae27 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj-art-2965b1dfc2714d6a81ae81df4328ae272024-11-26T17:50:41ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332024-11-011511139710.3390/atmos15111397Daily Estimates of Global Radiation in the Brazilian Amazon from Simplified ModelsCharles Campoe Martim0Rhavel Salviano Dias Paulista1Daniela Castagna2Daniela Roberta Borella3Frederico Terra de Almeida4João Gabriel Ribeiro Damian5Adilson Pacheco de Souza6Postgraduate Program in Environmental Physics, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiaba 78060-900, MT, BrazilPostgraduate Program in Environmental Physics, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiaba 78060-900, MT, BrazilPostgraduate Program in Environmental Physics, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiaba 78060-900, MT, BrazilPostgraduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop 78550-728, MT, BrazilPostgraduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop 78550-728, MT, BrazilFaculty of Exact and Technological Sciences, Mato Grosso State University, Sinop 78550-000, MT, BrazilPostgraduate Program in Environmental Physics, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiaba 78060-900, MT, BrazilSolar radiation is an element and a meteorological factor that is present in several processes, such as evapotranspiration, photosynthesis, and energy generation, among others. However, in some regions, there is a limitation in surface data measurements. In this study, 87 empirical models were evaluated to estimate global radiation (Hg) in the Brazilian Amazon biome; these models were divided into five groups according to the input variables, such as insolation (group I), air temperature (group II), relative humidity (group III), astronomical variables (group IV), and hybrid models (group V). The estimates were evaluated by their significance (<i>t</i>-test) and then according to the statistical metrics of the models’ performance (R<sup>2</sup>, MBE, RMSE, and d). The group V model <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mfenced open="[" close="]" separators="|"><mrow><mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi></mrow><mo>/</mo><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi><mo>+</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">b</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi><mo>∆</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">T</mi><mo>+</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi></mrow></mrow><msup><mrow><mfenced separators="|"><mrow><mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi></mrow><mo>/</mo><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></mrow></mrow></mfenced></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi></mrow></msup></mrow></mfenced></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> presented the best statistical performance in all the evaluated indicators, followed by the group I model <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mfenced open="[" close="]" separators="|"><mrow><mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi></mrow><mo>/</mo><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi><mo>+</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">b</mi></mrow></mrow><msup><mrow><mfenced separators="|"><mrow><mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi></mrow><mo>/</mo><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></mrow></mrow></mfenced></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi></mrow></msup></mrow></mfenced></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, and then the group II model <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mfenced open="[" close="]" separators="|"><mrow><mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi></mrow><mo>/</mo><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi><mo>+</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">b</mi><mo>∆</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">T</mi><mo>+</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi><msup><mrow><mo>∆</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">T</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0.25</mn></mrow></msup><mo>+</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi></mrow></mrow><msup><mrow><mo>∆</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">T</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0.5</mn></mrow></msup><mo>+</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi><mfenced separators="|"><mrow><mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">T</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi></mrow><mo>/</mo><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></mrow></mrow></mfenced></mrow></mfenced></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. The group III models presented a low statistical performance, and the group IV models were not significant (NS) in all the evaluated meteorological stations. In general, it was found that the simplified or hybrid models based on insolation and air temperature were efficient in estimating Hg in the Brazilian Amazon biome.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/15/11/1397solar radiationsolar energyminimum meteorological dataempirical estimation modelsstatistical indicatorsAmazon biome |
| spellingShingle | Charles Campoe Martim Rhavel Salviano Dias Paulista Daniela Castagna Daniela Roberta Borella Frederico Terra de Almeida João Gabriel Ribeiro Damian Adilson Pacheco de Souza Daily Estimates of Global Radiation in the Brazilian Amazon from Simplified Models Atmosphere solar radiation solar energy minimum meteorological data empirical estimation models statistical indicators Amazon biome |
| title | Daily Estimates of Global Radiation in the Brazilian Amazon from Simplified Models |
| title_full | Daily Estimates of Global Radiation in the Brazilian Amazon from Simplified Models |
| title_fullStr | Daily Estimates of Global Radiation in the Brazilian Amazon from Simplified Models |
| title_full_unstemmed | Daily Estimates of Global Radiation in the Brazilian Amazon from Simplified Models |
| title_short | Daily Estimates of Global Radiation in the Brazilian Amazon from Simplified Models |
| title_sort | daily estimates of global radiation in the brazilian amazon from simplified models |
| topic | solar radiation solar energy minimum meteorological data empirical estimation models statistical indicators Amazon biome |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/15/11/1397 |
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