A Study on the Characteristics of Nitrification and Denitrification of Three Small Watersheds During the Wet and Dry Seasons with Various Sources of Pollution: A Case Study of the Jinjing Basin
Nitrogen cycling in freshwater ecosystems is critical for maintaining water quality, and understanding the processes of nitrification and denitrification is essential for effective nitrogen management, particularly in areas with diverse pollution sources. This study investigated the nitrification an...
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2024-12-01
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| author | Lingling Tong Murni Karim Fatimah M. Yusoff Ahmad Zaharin Aris Ahmad Fikri Abdullah Feng Liu Dejun Li Puvaneswari Puvanasundram |
| author_facet | Lingling Tong Murni Karim Fatimah M. Yusoff Ahmad Zaharin Aris Ahmad Fikri Abdullah Feng Liu Dejun Li Puvaneswari Puvanasundram |
| author_sort | Lingling Tong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Nitrogen cycling in freshwater ecosystems is critical for maintaining water quality, and understanding the processes of nitrification and denitrification is essential for effective nitrogen management, particularly in areas with diverse pollution sources. This study investigated the nitrification and denitrification processes in three tributaries of the Jinjing River—Tuojia (agricultural), Jinjing (residential), and Guanjia (woodland)—during both the wet and dry seasons. The potential nitrification rates (PNRs) and potential denitrification rates (PDNRs) were measured across these sites. The highest rates were observed in Tuojia during the wet season, with the PNR reaching 39.7 μg·kg<sup>−1</sup> h<sup>−1</sup> and the PDNR reaching 3.25 mg·kg<sup>−1</sup>·h<sup>−1</sup>, while the rates were considerably lower in Jinjing and Guanjia. The ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) abundance was higher than the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) abundance at all sites, with Tuojia exhibiting the highest AOA abundance (5.9 × 10⁷ copies·g<sup>−1</sup>) during the wet season. The nitrate-nitrogen (NO₃<sup>−</sup>-N) content was a key factor influencing denitrification, and the AOA abundance was significantly correlated with nitrification rates (r = 0.69; <i>p</i> < 0.05). These findings highlight the spatial and seasonal variability in nitrogen cycling and emphasize the importance of developing targeted nitrogen management strategies in regions with mixed land uses and pollution sources. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-26d19a08f9bc473fa1f73ddfbdd00ea1 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2077-0472 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Agriculture |
| spelling | doaj-art-26d19a08f9bc473fa1f73ddfbdd00ea12024-12-27T14:03:24ZengMDPI AGAgriculture2077-04722024-12-011412233010.3390/agriculture14122330A Study on the Characteristics of Nitrification and Denitrification of Three Small Watersheds During the Wet and Dry Seasons with Various Sources of Pollution: A Case Study of the Jinjing BasinLingling Tong0Murni Karim1Fatimah M. Yusoff2Ahmad Zaharin Aris3Ahmad Fikri Abdullah4Feng Liu5Dejun Li6Puvaneswari Puvanasundram7International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Port Dickson 71050, Negeri Sembilan, MalaysiaInternational Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Port Dickson 71050, Negeri Sembilan, MalaysiaInternational Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Port Dickson 71050, Negeri Sembilan, MalaysiaInternational Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Port Dickson 71050, Negeri Sembilan, MalaysiaInternational Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Port Dickson 71050, Negeri Sembilan, MalaysiaInstitute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410005, ChinaInstitute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410005, ChinaDepartment of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaNitrogen cycling in freshwater ecosystems is critical for maintaining water quality, and understanding the processes of nitrification and denitrification is essential for effective nitrogen management, particularly in areas with diverse pollution sources. This study investigated the nitrification and denitrification processes in three tributaries of the Jinjing River—Tuojia (agricultural), Jinjing (residential), and Guanjia (woodland)—during both the wet and dry seasons. The potential nitrification rates (PNRs) and potential denitrification rates (PDNRs) were measured across these sites. The highest rates were observed in Tuojia during the wet season, with the PNR reaching 39.7 μg·kg<sup>−1</sup> h<sup>−1</sup> and the PDNR reaching 3.25 mg·kg<sup>−1</sup>·h<sup>−1</sup>, while the rates were considerably lower in Jinjing and Guanjia. The ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) abundance was higher than the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) abundance at all sites, with Tuojia exhibiting the highest AOA abundance (5.9 × 10⁷ copies·g<sup>−1</sup>) during the wet season. The nitrate-nitrogen (NO₃<sup>−</sup>-N) content was a key factor influencing denitrification, and the AOA abundance was significantly correlated with nitrification rates (r = 0.69; <i>p</i> < 0.05). These findings highlight the spatial and seasonal variability in nitrogen cycling and emphasize the importance of developing targeted nitrogen management strategies in regions with mixed land uses and pollution sources.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/14/12/2330potential nitrification ratespotential denitrification ratesseasonal variabilitymicrobial functional genes |
| spellingShingle | Lingling Tong Murni Karim Fatimah M. Yusoff Ahmad Zaharin Aris Ahmad Fikri Abdullah Feng Liu Dejun Li Puvaneswari Puvanasundram A Study on the Characteristics of Nitrification and Denitrification of Three Small Watersheds During the Wet and Dry Seasons with Various Sources of Pollution: A Case Study of the Jinjing Basin Agriculture potential nitrification rates potential denitrification rates seasonal variability microbial functional genes |
| title | A Study on the Characteristics of Nitrification and Denitrification of Three Small Watersheds During the Wet and Dry Seasons with Various Sources of Pollution: A Case Study of the Jinjing Basin |
| title_full | A Study on the Characteristics of Nitrification and Denitrification of Three Small Watersheds During the Wet and Dry Seasons with Various Sources of Pollution: A Case Study of the Jinjing Basin |
| title_fullStr | A Study on the Characteristics of Nitrification and Denitrification of Three Small Watersheds During the Wet and Dry Seasons with Various Sources of Pollution: A Case Study of the Jinjing Basin |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Study on the Characteristics of Nitrification and Denitrification of Three Small Watersheds During the Wet and Dry Seasons with Various Sources of Pollution: A Case Study of the Jinjing Basin |
| title_short | A Study on the Characteristics of Nitrification and Denitrification of Three Small Watersheds During the Wet and Dry Seasons with Various Sources of Pollution: A Case Study of the Jinjing Basin |
| title_sort | study on the characteristics of nitrification and denitrification of three small watersheds during the wet and dry seasons with various sources of pollution a case study of the jinjing basin |
| topic | potential nitrification rates potential denitrification rates seasonal variability microbial functional genes |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/14/12/2330 |
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