Correlation between sensory attributes and Metabolomic profiles of cocoa liquor from different cacao genotypes

Flavor is a critical quality of cacao beans and is significantly influenced by the genotype. Relying solely on sensory evaluation to describe the complex flavors of different cacao genotypes is insufficient because of the reliance on human expertise and the need for robust validation. This study aim...

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Main Authors: Enik Nurlaili Afifah, Indah Anita Sari, Agung Wahyu Susilo, Hendy Firmanto, Abdul Malik, Eiichiro Fukusaki, Sastia Prama Putri
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-05-01
Series:Food Chemistry: X
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590157525003451
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author Enik Nurlaili Afifah
Indah Anita Sari
Agung Wahyu Susilo
Hendy Firmanto
Abdul Malik
Eiichiro Fukusaki
Sastia Prama Putri
author_facet Enik Nurlaili Afifah
Indah Anita Sari
Agung Wahyu Susilo
Hendy Firmanto
Abdul Malik
Eiichiro Fukusaki
Sastia Prama Putri
author_sort Enik Nurlaili Afifah
collection DOAJ
description Flavor is a critical quality of cacao beans and is significantly influenced by the genotype. Relying solely on sensory evaluation to describe the complex flavors of different cacao genotypes is insufficient because of the reliance on human expertise and the need for robust validation. This study aimed to enhance the understanding of flavor quality in different cacao genotypes by investigating the correlation between sensory attributes and metabolite profiles using metabolomics-based approach and sensory analysis. Cacao genotypes can be categorized based on their sensory attributes and metabolite profiles. The ICCRI09-genotype exhibited outstanding flavors, which were significantly associated with non-volatile and volatile compounds (e.g. Organic acids, some sugars, 3-methylbutanal, 2,3-butanediol, benzaldehyde, linalool, trans-linalool oxide, isobutyl acetate, etc.) (P < 0.05). In contrast, theobromine, epicatechin, and catechin, which are linked to bitterness and astringency, were abundant in KW516-Forastero. These findings have significant implications and provide a scientific basis for authenticating the high flavor quality of cacao.
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institution Kabale University
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publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher Elsevier
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series Food Chemistry: X
spelling doaj-art-26c811c1f96940f8a3b0b8b057d2be622025-08-20T03:53:13ZengElsevierFood Chemistry: X2590-15752025-05-012810249810.1016/j.fochx.2025.102498Correlation between sensory attributes and Metabolomic profiles of cocoa liquor from different cacao genotypesEnik Nurlaili Afifah0Indah Anita Sari1Agung Wahyu Susilo2Hendy Firmanto3Abdul Malik4Eiichiro Fukusaki5Sastia Prama Putri6Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora, Bulaksumur, Sleman district, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta 55281, IndonesiaIndonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute, Jl. PB. Sudirman 90, Jember, Jawa Timur 68118, IndonesiaIndonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute, Jl. PB. Sudirman 90, Jember, Jawa Timur 68118, IndonesiaIndonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute, Jl. PB. Sudirman 90, Jember, Jawa Timur 68118, IndonesiaIndonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute, Jl. PB. Sudirman 90, Jember, Jawa Timur 68118, IndonesiaDepartment of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Industrial Biotechnology Initiative Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Osaka University Shimadzu Omics Innovation Research Laboratories, International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, JapanDepartment of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Industrial Biotechnology Initiative Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Corresponding author at: Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.Flavor is a critical quality of cacao beans and is significantly influenced by the genotype. Relying solely on sensory evaluation to describe the complex flavors of different cacao genotypes is insufficient because of the reliance on human expertise and the need for robust validation. This study aimed to enhance the understanding of flavor quality in different cacao genotypes by investigating the correlation between sensory attributes and metabolite profiles using metabolomics-based approach and sensory analysis. Cacao genotypes can be categorized based on their sensory attributes and metabolite profiles. The ICCRI09-genotype exhibited outstanding flavors, which were significantly associated with non-volatile and volatile compounds (e.g. Organic acids, some sugars, 3-methylbutanal, 2,3-butanediol, benzaldehyde, linalool, trans-linalool oxide, isobutyl acetate, etc.) (P < 0.05). In contrast, theobromine, epicatechin, and catechin, which are linked to bitterness and astringency, were abundant in KW516-Forastero. These findings have significant implications and provide a scientific basis for authenticating the high flavor quality of cacao.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590157525003451Cocoa liquorFlavorGenotypeMetabolomicsQualitySensory analysis
spellingShingle Enik Nurlaili Afifah
Indah Anita Sari
Agung Wahyu Susilo
Hendy Firmanto
Abdul Malik
Eiichiro Fukusaki
Sastia Prama Putri
Correlation between sensory attributes and Metabolomic profiles of cocoa liquor from different cacao genotypes
Food Chemistry: X
Cocoa liquor
Flavor
Genotype
Metabolomics
Quality
Sensory analysis
title Correlation between sensory attributes and Metabolomic profiles of cocoa liquor from different cacao genotypes
title_full Correlation between sensory attributes and Metabolomic profiles of cocoa liquor from different cacao genotypes
title_fullStr Correlation between sensory attributes and Metabolomic profiles of cocoa liquor from different cacao genotypes
title_full_unstemmed Correlation between sensory attributes and Metabolomic profiles of cocoa liquor from different cacao genotypes
title_short Correlation between sensory attributes and Metabolomic profiles of cocoa liquor from different cacao genotypes
title_sort correlation between sensory attributes and metabolomic profiles of cocoa liquor from different cacao genotypes
topic Cocoa liquor
Flavor
Genotype
Metabolomics
Quality
Sensory analysis
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590157525003451
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