Prenatal Hyperhomocysteinemia Leads to Synaptic Dysfunction and Structural Alterations in the CA1 Hippocampus of Rats

Prenatal hyperhomocysteinemia (HCY) is associated with neurodevelopmental deficits, yet its long-term impact on hippocampal synaptic function remains poorly understood. This study examines the effects of moderate maternal HCY on excitatory synaptic transmission in the CA1 region of the dorsal hippoc...

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Main Authors: Tatyana Y. Postnikova, Alexandra V. Griflyuk, Natalia L. Tumanova, Nadezhda M. Dubrovskaya, Anastasia V. Mikhel, Dmitriy S. Vasilev, Aleksey V. Zaitsev
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Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Biomolecules
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/15/2/305
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author Tatyana Y. Postnikova
Alexandra V. Griflyuk
Natalia L. Tumanova
Nadezhda M. Dubrovskaya
Anastasia V. Mikhel
Dmitriy S. Vasilev
Aleksey V. Zaitsev
author_facet Tatyana Y. Postnikova
Alexandra V. Griflyuk
Natalia L. Tumanova
Nadezhda M. Dubrovskaya
Anastasia V. Mikhel
Dmitriy S. Vasilev
Aleksey V. Zaitsev
author_sort Tatyana Y. Postnikova
collection DOAJ
description Prenatal hyperhomocysteinemia (HCY) is associated with neurodevelopmental deficits, yet its long-term impact on hippocampal synaptic function remains poorly understood. This study examines the effects of moderate maternal HCY on excitatory synaptic transmission in the CA1 region of the dorsal hippocampus in rat offspring at juvenile (P21) and adult (P90) stages. Using field postsynaptic potential (fPSP) recordings, electron microscopy, and Western blot analysis, we observed a significant age-dependent decline in the efficiency of excitatory synaptic transmission in HCY-exposed rats. Electron microscopy revealed structural alterations, including synaptic vesicle agglutination in the stratum radiatum, suggesting impaired neurotransmitter release. Additionally, a significant reduction in pyramidal neuron density was observed in the CA1 region, although seizure susceptibility remained unchanged. Western blot analysis showed altered expression of Synapsin I, indicating presynaptic dysfunction. These findings suggest that moderate prenatal HCY leads to persistent deficits in synaptic transmission and structural integrity, potentially contributing to cognitive impairments in adulthood. Our results highlight the importance of maternal homocysteine levels in shaping hippocampal function and could offer insights into neurodevelopmental disorders associated with metabolic disturbances.
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spelling doaj-art-26b1a63aee1b4ff6a27d18c61ab596b02025-08-20T03:11:59ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2025-02-0115230510.3390/biom15020305Prenatal Hyperhomocysteinemia Leads to Synaptic Dysfunction and Structural Alterations in the CA1 Hippocampus of RatsTatyana Y. Postnikova0Alexandra V. Griflyuk1Natalia L. Tumanova2Nadezhda M. Dubrovskaya3Anastasia V. Mikhel4Dmitriy S. Vasilev5Aleksey V. Zaitsev6Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 St. Petersburg, RussiaSechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 St. Petersburg, RussiaSechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 St. Petersburg, RussiaSechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 St. Petersburg, RussiaSechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 St. Petersburg, RussiaSechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 St. Petersburg, RussiaSechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 St. Petersburg, RussiaPrenatal hyperhomocysteinemia (HCY) is associated with neurodevelopmental deficits, yet its long-term impact on hippocampal synaptic function remains poorly understood. This study examines the effects of moderate maternal HCY on excitatory synaptic transmission in the CA1 region of the dorsal hippocampus in rat offspring at juvenile (P21) and adult (P90) stages. Using field postsynaptic potential (fPSP) recordings, electron microscopy, and Western blot analysis, we observed a significant age-dependent decline in the efficiency of excitatory synaptic transmission in HCY-exposed rats. Electron microscopy revealed structural alterations, including synaptic vesicle agglutination in the stratum radiatum, suggesting impaired neurotransmitter release. Additionally, a significant reduction in pyramidal neuron density was observed in the CA1 region, although seizure susceptibility remained unchanged. Western blot analysis showed altered expression of Synapsin I, indicating presynaptic dysfunction. These findings suggest that moderate prenatal HCY leads to persistent deficits in synaptic transmission and structural integrity, potentially contributing to cognitive impairments in adulthood. Our results highlight the importance of maternal homocysteine levels in shaping hippocampal function and could offer insights into neurodevelopmental disorders associated with metabolic disturbances.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/15/2/305homocysteinemaximal electroshock threshold testhippocampusCA1synaptic vesiclesfield postsynaptic potentials
spellingShingle Tatyana Y. Postnikova
Alexandra V. Griflyuk
Natalia L. Tumanova
Nadezhda M. Dubrovskaya
Anastasia V. Mikhel
Dmitriy S. Vasilev
Aleksey V. Zaitsev
Prenatal Hyperhomocysteinemia Leads to Synaptic Dysfunction and Structural Alterations in the CA1 Hippocampus of Rats
Biomolecules
homocysteine
maximal electroshock threshold test
hippocampus
CA1
synaptic vesicles
field postsynaptic potentials
title Prenatal Hyperhomocysteinemia Leads to Synaptic Dysfunction and Structural Alterations in the CA1 Hippocampus of Rats
title_full Prenatal Hyperhomocysteinemia Leads to Synaptic Dysfunction and Structural Alterations in the CA1 Hippocampus of Rats
title_fullStr Prenatal Hyperhomocysteinemia Leads to Synaptic Dysfunction and Structural Alterations in the CA1 Hippocampus of Rats
title_full_unstemmed Prenatal Hyperhomocysteinemia Leads to Synaptic Dysfunction and Structural Alterations in the CA1 Hippocampus of Rats
title_short Prenatal Hyperhomocysteinemia Leads to Synaptic Dysfunction and Structural Alterations in the CA1 Hippocampus of Rats
title_sort prenatal hyperhomocysteinemia leads to synaptic dysfunction and structural alterations in the ca1 hippocampus of rats
topic homocysteine
maximal electroshock threshold test
hippocampus
CA1
synaptic vesicles
field postsynaptic potentials
url https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/15/2/305
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