Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of St John’s Wort (<i>Hypericum perforatum</i> L.) Essential Oil from Bulgaria

Since ancient times, essential oils obtained from various aromatic plants have been utilized as bioactive ingredients in medicines, foods and cosmetics. The present study aimed to investigate the chemical composition and biological activities of St John’s Wort (<i>Hypericum perforatum</i>...

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Main Authors: Yulian Tumbarski, Ivan Ivanov, Mina Todorova, Anelia Gerasimova, Ivayla Dincheva, Lubomir Makedonski, Krastena Nikolova
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/24/11754
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author Yulian Tumbarski
Ivan Ivanov
Mina Todorova
Anelia Gerasimova
Ivayla Dincheva
Lubomir Makedonski
Krastena Nikolova
author_facet Yulian Tumbarski
Ivan Ivanov
Mina Todorova
Anelia Gerasimova
Ivayla Dincheva
Lubomir Makedonski
Krastena Nikolova
author_sort Yulian Tumbarski
collection DOAJ
description Since ancient times, essential oils obtained from various aromatic plants have been utilized as bioactive ingredients in medicines, foods and cosmetics. The present study aimed to investigate the chemical composition and biological activities of St John’s Wort (<i>Hypericum perforatum</i> L.) essential oil (SJW EO) from Bulgaria, which is known to possess various biological properties. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis, determination of antioxidant activity (by the ABTS method), an antimicrobial activity test and an <i>in vitro</i> anti-inflammatory activity test were performed. The main classes of compounds identified by GC–MS analysis were monoterpenes (43.55%), followed by sesquiterpenes (36.81%) and alkanes (16.92%). The predominant chemical components of SJW EO were α-pinene (27.52%), followed by β-pinene (10.08%), β-caryophyllene (6.77%), germacrene D (6.37%) and caryophyllene oxide (4.48%). The highest antibacterial activity was observed against the Gram-negative bacteria <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> ATCC 13883 (inhibition zone of 12.0 mm) and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> ATCC 9027 (inhibition zone of 11.0 mm). SJW EO exhibited significant <i>in vitro</i> anti-inflammatory activity, as the results demonstrated that its anti-inflammatory effect was stronger than those of the conventional anti-inflammatory drugs Prednisolon Cortico and acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin), which were used as controls (all in concentration of 1 mg/mL). The obtained results demonstrated that Bulgarian SJW EO can be used as an active ingredient in the composition of new products for the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
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spelling doaj-art-25c19fd9edd14aed9a15c99e6e8e22212024-12-27T14:08:16ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172024-12-0114241175410.3390/app142411754Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of St John’s Wort (<i>Hypericum perforatum</i> L.) Essential Oil from BulgariaYulian Tumbarski0Ivan Ivanov1Mina Todorova2Anelia Gerasimova3Ivayla Dincheva4Lubomir Makedonski5Krastena Nikolova6Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, BulgariaDepartment of Organic Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, BulgariaDepartment of Organic Chemistry, Paisii Hilendarski University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, BulgariaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, 9002 Varna, BulgariaDepartment of Agrobiotechnologies, Agrobioinstitute, Agricultural Academy, 1164 Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, 9002 Varna, BulgariaDepartment of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, 9002 Varna, BulgariaSince ancient times, essential oils obtained from various aromatic plants have been utilized as bioactive ingredients in medicines, foods and cosmetics. The present study aimed to investigate the chemical composition and biological activities of St John’s Wort (<i>Hypericum perforatum</i> L.) essential oil (SJW EO) from Bulgaria, which is known to possess various biological properties. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis, determination of antioxidant activity (by the ABTS method), an antimicrobial activity test and an <i>in vitro</i> anti-inflammatory activity test were performed. The main classes of compounds identified by GC–MS analysis were monoterpenes (43.55%), followed by sesquiterpenes (36.81%) and alkanes (16.92%). The predominant chemical components of SJW EO were α-pinene (27.52%), followed by β-pinene (10.08%), β-caryophyllene (6.77%), germacrene D (6.37%) and caryophyllene oxide (4.48%). The highest antibacterial activity was observed against the Gram-negative bacteria <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> ATCC 13883 (inhibition zone of 12.0 mm) and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> ATCC 9027 (inhibition zone of 11.0 mm). SJW EO exhibited significant <i>in vitro</i> anti-inflammatory activity, as the results demonstrated that its anti-inflammatory effect was stronger than those of the conventional anti-inflammatory drugs Prednisolon Cortico and acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin), which were used as controls (all in concentration of 1 mg/mL). The obtained results demonstrated that Bulgarian SJW EO can be used as an active ingredient in the composition of new products for the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/24/11754essential oilSt John’s Wort<i>Hypericum perforatum</i>biological activities
spellingShingle Yulian Tumbarski
Ivan Ivanov
Mina Todorova
Anelia Gerasimova
Ivayla Dincheva
Lubomir Makedonski
Krastena Nikolova
Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of St John’s Wort (<i>Hypericum perforatum</i> L.) Essential Oil from Bulgaria
Applied Sciences
essential oil
St John’s Wort
<i>Hypericum perforatum</i>
biological activities
title Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of St John’s Wort (<i>Hypericum perforatum</i> L.) Essential Oil from Bulgaria
title_full Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of St John’s Wort (<i>Hypericum perforatum</i> L.) Essential Oil from Bulgaria
title_fullStr Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of St John’s Wort (<i>Hypericum perforatum</i> L.) Essential Oil from Bulgaria
title_full_unstemmed Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of St John’s Wort (<i>Hypericum perforatum</i> L.) Essential Oil from Bulgaria
title_short Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of St John’s Wort (<i>Hypericum perforatum</i> L.) Essential Oil from Bulgaria
title_sort chemical composition and biological activities of st john s wort i hypericum perforatum i l essential oil from bulgaria
topic essential oil
St John’s Wort
<i>Hypericum perforatum</i>
biological activities
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/24/11754
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