Investigating the association between household exposure to Anopheles stephensi and malaria in Sudan and Ethiopia: A case-control study protocol.
<h4>Background</h4>Endemic African malaria vectors are poorly adapted to typical urban ecologies. However, Anopheles stephensi, an urban malaria vector formerly confined to South Asia and the Persian Gulf, was recently detected in Africa and may change the epidemiology of malaria across...
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2024-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0309058 |
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| author | Temesgen Ashine Yehenew Asmamaw Ebstie Rayyan Ibrahim Adrienne Epstein John Bradley Mujahid Nouredayem Mikiyas G Michael Amani Sidiahmed Nigatu Negash Abena Kochora Jihad Eltaher Sulieman Alison M Reynolds Eba Alemayehu Endalew Zemene Adane Eyasu Alemayehu Dagne Elifaged Hailemeskel Fatou Jaiteh Dereje Geleta Ephrem Lejore David Weetman Ahmed Mahmoud Hussien Fadwa Saad Gudissa Assefa Hiwot Solomon Abdelgadir Bashir Fekadu Massebo Koen Peeters Delenasaw Yewhalaw Hmooda Toto Kafy Martin J Donnelly Endalamaw Gadisa Elfatih M Malik Anne L Wilson |
| author_facet | Temesgen Ashine Yehenew Asmamaw Ebstie Rayyan Ibrahim Adrienne Epstein John Bradley Mujahid Nouredayem Mikiyas G Michael Amani Sidiahmed Nigatu Negash Abena Kochora Jihad Eltaher Sulieman Alison M Reynolds Eba Alemayehu Endalew Zemene Adane Eyasu Alemayehu Dagne Elifaged Hailemeskel Fatou Jaiteh Dereje Geleta Ephrem Lejore David Weetman Ahmed Mahmoud Hussien Fadwa Saad Gudissa Assefa Hiwot Solomon Abdelgadir Bashir Fekadu Massebo Koen Peeters Delenasaw Yewhalaw Hmooda Toto Kafy Martin J Donnelly Endalamaw Gadisa Elfatih M Malik Anne L Wilson |
| author_sort | Temesgen Ashine |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <h4>Background</h4>Endemic African malaria vectors are poorly adapted to typical urban ecologies. However, Anopheles stephensi, an urban malaria vector formerly confined to South Asia and the Persian Gulf, was recently detected in Africa and may change the epidemiology of malaria across the continent. Little is known about the public health implications of An. stephensi in Africa. This study is designed to assess the relative importance of household exposure to An. stephensi and endemic malaria vectors for malaria risk in urban Sudan and Ethiopia.<h4>Methods</h4>Case-control studies will be conducted in 3 urban settings (2 in Sudan, 1 in Ethiopia) to assess the association between presence of An. stephensi in and around households and malaria. Cases, defined as individuals positive for Plasmodium falciparum and/or P. vivax by microscopy/rapid diagnostic test (RDT), and controls, defined as age-matched individuals negative for P. falciparum and/or P. vivax by microscopy/RDT, will be recruited from public health facilities. Both household surveys and entomological surveillance for adult and immature mosquitoes will be conducted at participant homes within 48 hours of enrolment. Adult and immature mosquitoes will be identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Conditional logistic regression will be used to estimate the association between presence of An. stephensi and malaria status, adjusted for co-occurrence of other malaria vectors and participant gender.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Findings from this study will provide evidence of the relative importance of An. stephensi for malaria burden in urban African settings, shedding light on the need for future intervention planning and policy development. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-25b2acbc0a264fa9af3b93f3db04b11f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
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| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj-art-25b2acbc0a264fa9af3b93f3db04b11f2025-08-25T05:31:05ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032024-01-01199e030905810.1371/journal.pone.0309058Investigating the association between household exposure to Anopheles stephensi and malaria in Sudan and Ethiopia: A case-control study protocol.Temesgen AshineYehenew Asmamaw EbstieRayyan IbrahimAdrienne EpsteinJohn BradleyMujahid NouredayemMikiyas G MichaelAmani SidiahmedNigatu NegashAbena KochoraJihad Eltaher SuliemanAlison M ReynoldsEba AlemayehuEndalew ZemeneAdane EyasuAlemayehu DagneElifaged HailemeskelFatou JaitehDereje GeletaEphrem LejoreDavid WeetmanAhmed Mahmoud HussienFadwa SaadGudissa AssefaHiwot SolomonAbdelgadir BashirFekadu MasseboKoen PeetersDelenasaw YewhalawHmooda Toto KafyMartin J DonnellyEndalamaw GadisaElfatih M MalikAnne L Wilson<h4>Background</h4>Endemic African malaria vectors are poorly adapted to typical urban ecologies. However, Anopheles stephensi, an urban malaria vector formerly confined to South Asia and the Persian Gulf, was recently detected in Africa and may change the epidemiology of malaria across the continent. Little is known about the public health implications of An. stephensi in Africa. This study is designed to assess the relative importance of household exposure to An. stephensi and endemic malaria vectors for malaria risk in urban Sudan and Ethiopia.<h4>Methods</h4>Case-control studies will be conducted in 3 urban settings (2 in Sudan, 1 in Ethiopia) to assess the association between presence of An. stephensi in and around households and malaria. Cases, defined as individuals positive for Plasmodium falciparum and/or P. vivax by microscopy/rapid diagnostic test (RDT), and controls, defined as age-matched individuals negative for P. falciparum and/or P. vivax by microscopy/RDT, will be recruited from public health facilities. Both household surveys and entomological surveillance for adult and immature mosquitoes will be conducted at participant homes within 48 hours of enrolment. Adult and immature mosquitoes will be identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Conditional logistic regression will be used to estimate the association between presence of An. stephensi and malaria status, adjusted for co-occurrence of other malaria vectors and participant gender.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Findings from this study will provide evidence of the relative importance of An. stephensi for malaria burden in urban African settings, shedding light on the need for future intervention planning and policy development.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0309058 |
| spellingShingle | Temesgen Ashine Yehenew Asmamaw Ebstie Rayyan Ibrahim Adrienne Epstein John Bradley Mujahid Nouredayem Mikiyas G Michael Amani Sidiahmed Nigatu Negash Abena Kochora Jihad Eltaher Sulieman Alison M Reynolds Eba Alemayehu Endalew Zemene Adane Eyasu Alemayehu Dagne Elifaged Hailemeskel Fatou Jaiteh Dereje Geleta Ephrem Lejore David Weetman Ahmed Mahmoud Hussien Fadwa Saad Gudissa Assefa Hiwot Solomon Abdelgadir Bashir Fekadu Massebo Koen Peeters Delenasaw Yewhalaw Hmooda Toto Kafy Martin J Donnelly Endalamaw Gadisa Elfatih M Malik Anne L Wilson Investigating the association between household exposure to Anopheles stephensi and malaria in Sudan and Ethiopia: A case-control study protocol. PLoS ONE |
| title | Investigating the association between household exposure to Anopheles stephensi and malaria in Sudan and Ethiopia: A case-control study protocol. |
| title_full | Investigating the association between household exposure to Anopheles stephensi and malaria in Sudan and Ethiopia: A case-control study protocol. |
| title_fullStr | Investigating the association between household exposure to Anopheles stephensi and malaria in Sudan and Ethiopia: A case-control study protocol. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Investigating the association between household exposure to Anopheles stephensi and malaria in Sudan and Ethiopia: A case-control study protocol. |
| title_short | Investigating the association between household exposure to Anopheles stephensi and malaria in Sudan and Ethiopia: A case-control study protocol. |
| title_sort | investigating the association between household exposure to anopheles stephensi and malaria in sudan and ethiopia a case control study protocol |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0309058 |
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