Association between metabolic syndrome and the risk of glaucoma: a meta-analysis of observational studies

Abstract Background The potential link between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the risk of glaucoma has been proposed but remains inconclusive. This meta-analysis aimed to systematically evaluate the association between MetS and the risk of glaucoma. Methods We conducted a comprehensive search of PubM...

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Main Authors: Fei Li, Yanjun Luo, Xin Li, Yan Dai, Qingping Xiang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2024-12-01
Series:Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-024-01532-4
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author Fei Li
Yanjun Luo
Xin Li
Yan Dai
Qingping Xiang
author_facet Fei Li
Yanjun Luo
Xin Li
Yan Dai
Qingping Xiang
author_sort Fei Li
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background The potential link between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the risk of glaucoma has been proposed but remains inconclusive. This meta-analysis aimed to systematically evaluate the association between MetS and the risk of glaucoma. Methods We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science from inception to August 12, 2024, for observational studies assessing the relationship between MetS and glaucoma risk. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to estimate the association. Heterogeneity was assessed using I² statistics, and a random-effects model was applied. Results Nine studies involving 2,258,797 participants were included. The pooled results showed that MetS was significantly associated with an increased risk of glaucoma (OR: 1.34, 95% CI 1.15–1.55, p < 0.001; I² = 75%). Subgroup analyses according to the individual component of MetS suggested that hypertension and hyperglycemia were significantly associated with glaucoma, but not for obesity or dyslipidemia, although the difference among subgroups was not significant (p = 0.05). Further subgroup and meta-regression analyses suggested that the results were not significantly affected by study design, average age, sex, method of glaucoma diagnosis, or glaucoma subtype (primary open-angle glaucoma or normal-tension glaucoma). Sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the findings. Conclusions This meta-analysis suggests that MetS is significantly associated with an increased risk of glaucoma. These findings highlight the need for heightened awareness and potential screening strategies for glaucoma in individuals with MetS. Further studies are required to elucidate underlying mechanisms and causality.
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spelling doaj-art-251c3e828b4c4834a64fa9aea8e56c622024-12-22T12:38:35ZengBMCDiabetology & Metabolic Syndrome1758-59962024-12-0116111510.1186/s13098-024-01532-4Association between metabolic syndrome and the risk of glaucoma: a meta-analysis of observational studiesFei Li0Yanjun Luo1Xin Li2Yan Dai3Qingping Xiang4Department of ophthalmology, Chengdu Fifth People’s HospitalDepartment of ophthalmology, Chengdu Fifth People’s HospitalDepartment of ophthalmology, Chengdu Fifth People’s HospitalDepartment of ophthalmology, Chengdu Fifth People’s HospitalDepartment of ophthalmology, Chengdu Fifth People’s HospitalAbstract Background The potential link between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the risk of glaucoma has been proposed but remains inconclusive. This meta-analysis aimed to systematically evaluate the association between MetS and the risk of glaucoma. Methods We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science from inception to August 12, 2024, for observational studies assessing the relationship between MetS and glaucoma risk. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to estimate the association. Heterogeneity was assessed using I² statistics, and a random-effects model was applied. Results Nine studies involving 2,258,797 participants were included. The pooled results showed that MetS was significantly associated with an increased risk of glaucoma (OR: 1.34, 95% CI 1.15–1.55, p < 0.001; I² = 75%). Subgroup analyses according to the individual component of MetS suggested that hypertension and hyperglycemia were significantly associated with glaucoma, but not for obesity or dyslipidemia, although the difference among subgroups was not significant (p = 0.05). Further subgroup and meta-regression analyses suggested that the results were not significantly affected by study design, average age, sex, method of glaucoma diagnosis, or glaucoma subtype (primary open-angle glaucoma or normal-tension glaucoma). Sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the findings. Conclusions This meta-analysis suggests that MetS is significantly associated with an increased risk of glaucoma. These findings highlight the need for heightened awareness and potential screening strategies for glaucoma in individuals with MetS. Further studies are required to elucidate underlying mechanisms and causality.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-024-01532-4Metabolic syndromeGlaucomaRisk factorIncidenceMeta-analysis
spellingShingle Fei Li
Yanjun Luo
Xin Li
Yan Dai
Qingping Xiang
Association between metabolic syndrome and the risk of glaucoma: a meta-analysis of observational studies
Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome
Metabolic syndrome
Glaucoma
Risk factor
Incidence
Meta-analysis
title Association between metabolic syndrome and the risk of glaucoma: a meta-analysis of observational studies
title_full Association between metabolic syndrome and the risk of glaucoma: a meta-analysis of observational studies
title_fullStr Association between metabolic syndrome and the risk of glaucoma: a meta-analysis of observational studies
title_full_unstemmed Association between metabolic syndrome and the risk of glaucoma: a meta-analysis of observational studies
title_short Association between metabolic syndrome and the risk of glaucoma: a meta-analysis of observational studies
title_sort association between metabolic syndrome and the risk of glaucoma a meta analysis of observational studies
topic Metabolic syndrome
Glaucoma
Risk factor
Incidence
Meta-analysis
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-024-01532-4
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AT qingpingxiang associationbetweenmetabolicsyndromeandtheriskofglaucomaametaanalysisofobservationalstudies