Lung function trajectories in children with pulmonary TB and non-TB lower respiratory tract infections

BACKGROUND: This longitudinal study compared lung function in children with pulmonary TB (PTB), children with non-TB lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) and healthy controls. METHODS: Children aged 4–13 years presenting with presumed PTB and their healthy siblings who could perform spirometry...

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Main Authors: I.J. Courtney, M. Palmer, R. Swanepoel, C.J. Lombard, M. van Niekerk, R. Dunbar, E.D. McCollum, H.S. Schaaf, A. Gie, P. Goussard, A.C. Hesseling, V.W. Jongen, M.M. van der Zalm
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Language:English
Published: International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union) 2025-08-01
Series:IJTLD Open
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Online Access:https://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/iuatld/ijtldo/2025/00000002/00000008/art00005
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author I.J. Courtney
M. Palmer
R. Swanepoel
C.J. Lombard
M. van Niekerk
R. Dunbar
E.D. McCollum
H.S. Schaaf
A. Gie
P. Goussard
A.C. Hesseling
V.W. Jongen
M.M. van der Zalm
author_facet I.J. Courtney
M. Palmer
R. Swanepoel
C.J. Lombard
M. van Niekerk
R. Dunbar
E.D. McCollum
H.S. Schaaf
A. Gie
P. Goussard
A.C. Hesseling
V.W. Jongen
M.M. van der Zalm
author_sort I.J. Courtney
collection DOAJ
description BACKGROUND: This longitudinal study compared lung function in children with pulmonary TB (PTB), children with non-TB lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) and healthy controls. METHODS: Children aged 4–13 years presenting with presumed PTB and their healthy siblings who could perform spirometry were included. Children were classified as having TB, non-TB LRTIs after careful evaluation and during follow-up. Spirometry measurements were completed at baseline and at subsequent study visits during 52 weeks of follow-up. Measurements included forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV1/FVC using 2022 race-neutral Global Lung Initiative reference ranges. RESULTS: Of 143 children, 46 had TB, 64 had non-TB LRTIs, and 33 were healthy controls. The median age was 6 years (IQR 5–9) and 10 (7%) were living with HIV. Restrictive spirometry patterns were common in both symptomatic groups at the end of follow-up, with a significantly lower FVC in children with TB compared to controls. In multivariable analysis adjusted for time and study group, FEV1 and FVC decreased for both the TB and non-TB LRTI groups, compared to healthy controls. CONCLUSION: Lung-function trajectories were similar between children with TB and non-TB LRTI, with low FVC one-year after diagnosis.
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spelling doaj-art-241a19bd409b4779a343875f4cfe4ff62025-08-20T04:03:17ZengInternational Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union)IJTLD Open3005-75902025-08-012847147710.5588/ijtldopen.25.00805Lung function trajectories in children with pulmonary TB and non-TB lower respiratory tract infectionsI.J. Courtney0M. Palmer1R. Swanepoel2C.J. Lombard3M. van Niekerk4R. Dunbar5E.D. McCollum6H.S. Schaaf7A. Gie8P. Goussard9A.C. Hesseling10V.W. Jongen11M.M. van der Zalm12Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa;Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa;Pulmonology Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Department of Pulmonology, Cape Town, South Africa;Division of Epidemiology and of Biostatistics, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa;Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa;Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa;Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa;Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa;Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa;Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa;Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa;Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa;Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa;BACKGROUND: This longitudinal study compared lung function in children with pulmonary TB (PTB), children with non-TB lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) and healthy controls. METHODS: Children aged 4–13 years presenting with presumed PTB and their healthy siblings who could perform spirometry were included. Children were classified as having TB, non-TB LRTIs after careful evaluation and during follow-up. Spirometry measurements were completed at baseline and at subsequent study visits during 52 weeks of follow-up. Measurements included forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV1/FVC using 2022 race-neutral Global Lung Initiative reference ranges. RESULTS: Of 143 children, 46 had TB, 64 had non-TB LRTIs, and 33 were healthy controls. The median age was 6 years (IQR 5–9) and 10 (7%) were living with HIV. Restrictive spirometry patterns were common in both symptomatic groups at the end of follow-up, with a significantly lower FVC in children with TB compared to controls. In multivariable analysis adjusted for time and study group, FEV1 and FVC decreased for both the TB and non-TB LRTI groups, compared to healthy controls. CONCLUSION: Lung-function trajectories were similar between children with TB and non-TB LRTI, with low FVC one-year after diagnosis.https://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/iuatld/ijtldo/2025/00000002/00000008/art00005tuberculosispaediatric tuberculosisspirometrytb-associated respiratory morbidityptld
spellingShingle I.J. Courtney
M. Palmer
R. Swanepoel
C.J. Lombard
M. van Niekerk
R. Dunbar
E.D. McCollum
H.S. Schaaf
A. Gie
P. Goussard
A.C. Hesseling
V.W. Jongen
M.M. van der Zalm
Lung function trajectories in children with pulmonary TB and non-TB lower respiratory tract infections
IJTLD Open
tuberculosis
paediatric tuberculosis
spirometry
tb-associated respiratory morbidity
ptld
title Lung function trajectories in children with pulmonary TB and non-TB lower respiratory tract infections
title_full Lung function trajectories in children with pulmonary TB and non-TB lower respiratory tract infections
title_fullStr Lung function trajectories in children with pulmonary TB and non-TB lower respiratory tract infections
title_full_unstemmed Lung function trajectories in children with pulmonary TB and non-TB lower respiratory tract infections
title_short Lung function trajectories in children with pulmonary TB and non-TB lower respiratory tract infections
title_sort lung function trajectories in children with pulmonary tb and non tb lower respiratory tract infections
topic tuberculosis
paediatric tuberculosis
spirometry
tb-associated respiratory morbidity
ptld
url https://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/iuatld/ijtldo/2025/00000002/00000008/art00005
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