Core-Sheath Structured Yarn for Biomechanical Sensing in Health Monitoring
The rapidly evolving field of functional yarns has garnered substantial research attention due to their exceptional potential in enabling next-generation electronic textiles for wearable health monitoring, human–machine interfaces, and soft robotics. Despite notable advancements, the development of...
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MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Biomimetics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2313-7673/10/5/304 |
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| author | Wenjing Fan Cheng Li Bingping Yu Te Liang Junrui Li Dapeng Wei Keyu Meng |
| author_facet | Wenjing Fan Cheng Li Bingping Yu Te Liang Junrui Li Dapeng Wei Keyu Meng |
| author_sort | Wenjing Fan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The rapidly evolving field of functional yarns has garnered substantial research attention due to their exceptional potential in enabling next-generation electronic textiles for wearable health monitoring, human–machine interfaces, and soft robotics. Despite notable advancements, the development of yarn-based strain sensors that simultaneously achieve high flexibility, stretchability, superior comfort, extended operational stability, and exceptional electrical performance remains a critical challenge, hindered by material limitations and structural design constraints. Here, we present a bioinspired, hierarchically structured core-sheath yarn sensor (CSSYS) engineered through an efficient dip-coating process, which synergistically integrates the two-dimensional conductive MXene nanosheets and one-dimensional silver nanowires (AgNWs). Furthermore, the sensor is encapsulated using a yarn-based protective layer, which not only preserves its inherent flexibility and wearability but also effectively mitigates oxidative degradation of the sensitive materials, thereby significantly enhancing long-term durability. Drawing inspiration from the natural architecture of plant stems—where the inner core provides structural integrity while a flexible outer sheath ensures adaptive protection—the CSSYS exhibits outstanding mechanical and electrical performance, including an ultralow strain detection limit (0.05%), an ultrahigh gauge factor (up to 744.45), rapid response kinetics (80 ms), a broad sensing range (0–230% strain), and exceptional cyclic stability (>20,000 cycles). These remarkable characteristics enable the CSSYS to precisely capture a broad spectrum of physiological signals, ranging from subtle arterial pulsations and respiratory rhythms to large-scale joint movements, demonstrating its immense potential for next-generation wearable health monitoring systems. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-23ce33f8fb914fdaa1c63ec5b0b0a9f0 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2313-7673 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Biomimetics |
| spelling | doaj-art-23ce33f8fb914fdaa1c63ec5b0b0a9f02025-08-20T03:47:52ZengMDPI AGBiomimetics2313-76732025-05-0110530410.3390/biomimetics10050304Core-Sheath Structured Yarn for Biomechanical Sensing in Health MonitoringWenjing Fan0Cheng Li1Bingping Yu2Te Liang3Junrui Li4Dapeng Wei5Keyu Meng6School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, ChinaSchool of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, ChinaCollege of Metrology Measurement and Instrument, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, ChinaSchool of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, ChinaSchool of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, ChinaChongqing Key Laboratory of Generic Technology and System of Service Robots, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, ChinaSchool of Electronic and Information Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun 130022, ChinaThe rapidly evolving field of functional yarns has garnered substantial research attention due to their exceptional potential in enabling next-generation electronic textiles for wearable health monitoring, human–machine interfaces, and soft robotics. Despite notable advancements, the development of yarn-based strain sensors that simultaneously achieve high flexibility, stretchability, superior comfort, extended operational stability, and exceptional electrical performance remains a critical challenge, hindered by material limitations and structural design constraints. Here, we present a bioinspired, hierarchically structured core-sheath yarn sensor (CSSYS) engineered through an efficient dip-coating process, which synergistically integrates the two-dimensional conductive MXene nanosheets and one-dimensional silver nanowires (AgNWs). Furthermore, the sensor is encapsulated using a yarn-based protective layer, which not only preserves its inherent flexibility and wearability but also effectively mitigates oxidative degradation of the sensitive materials, thereby significantly enhancing long-term durability. Drawing inspiration from the natural architecture of plant stems—where the inner core provides structural integrity while a flexible outer sheath ensures adaptive protection—the CSSYS exhibits outstanding mechanical and electrical performance, including an ultralow strain detection limit (0.05%), an ultrahigh gauge factor (up to 744.45), rapid response kinetics (80 ms), a broad sensing range (0–230% strain), and exceptional cyclic stability (>20,000 cycles). These remarkable characteristics enable the CSSYS to precisely capture a broad spectrum of physiological signals, ranging from subtle arterial pulsations and respiratory rhythms to large-scale joint movements, demonstrating its immense potential for next-generation wearable health monitoring systems.https://www.mdpi.com/2313-7673/10/5/304functional yarnsstrain sensorMXenewearable electronicshealth monitoring |
| spellingShingle | Wenjing Fan Cheng Li Bingping Yu Te Liang Junrui Li Dapeng Wei Keyu Meng Core-Sheath Structured Yarn for Biomechanical Sensing in Health Monitoring Biomimetics functional yarns strain sensor MXene wearable electronics health monitoring |
| title | Core-Sheath Structured Yarn for Biomechanical Sensing in Health Monitoring |
| title_full | Core-Sheath Structured Yarn for Biomechanical Sensing in Health Monitoring |
| title_fullStr | Core-Sheath Structured Yarn for Biomechanical Sensing in Health Monitoring |
| title_full_unstemmed | Core-Sheath Structured Yarn for Biomechanical Sensing in Health Monitoring |
| title_short | Core-Sheath Structured Yarn for Biomechanical Sensing in Health Monitoring |
| title_sort | core sheath structured yarn for biomechanical sensing in health monitoring |
| topic | functional yarns strain sensor MXene wearable electronics health monitoring |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2313-7673/10/5/304 |
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