FlatProt: 2D visualization eases protein structure comparison

Abstract Background Understanding and comparing three-dimensional (3D) structures of proteins can advance bioinformatics, molecular biology, and drug discovery. While 3D models offer detailed insights, comparing multiple structures simultaneously remains challenging, especially on two-dimensional (2...

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Main Authors: Tobias Olenyi, Constantin Carl, Tobias Senoner, Ivan Koludarov, Burkhard Rost
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-08-01
Series:BMC Bioinformatics
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12859-025-06233-x
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author Tobias Olenyi
Constantin Carl
Tobias Senoner
Ivan Koludarov
Burkhard Rost
author_facet Tobias Olenyi
Constantin Carl
Tobias Senoner
Ivan Koludarov
Burkhard Rost
author_sort Tobias Olenyi
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Understanding and comparing three-dimensional (3D) structures of proteins can advance bioinformatics, molecular biology, and drug discovery. While 3D models offer detailed insights, comparing multiple structures simultaneously remains challenging, especially on two-dimensional (2D) displays. Existing 2D visualization tools lack standardized approaches for pipelined inspection of large protein sets, limiting their utility in large-scale pre-filtering. Results We introduce FlatProt, a tool designed to complement 3D viewers by enabling standardized 2D visualization of individual protein structures or large sets thereof. By including Foldseek-based family rotation alignment or an inertia-based fallback, FlatProt creates consistent and scalable visual representations for user-defined protein structures. It supports domain-aware decomposition, family-level overlays, and lightweight visual abstraction of secondary structures. FlatProt processes proteins efficiently, as showcased on a subset of the human-proteome. Conclusion FlatProt provides clear, consistent, user-friendly visualizations that support rapid, comparative inspection of protein structures at scale. By bridging the gap between interactive 3D tools and static visual summaries, it enables users to explore conserved features, detect outliers, and prioritize structures for further analysis. Availability GitHub ( https://github.com/t03i/FlatProt ); Zenodo ( https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15697296 ).
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institution Kabale University
issn 1471-2105
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publishDate 2025-08-01
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spelling doaj-art-232e3b336af0428f9d1070a4f7ac4da12025-08-20T04:02:45ZengBMCBMC Bioinformatics1471-21052025-08-0126111310.1186/s12859-025-06233-xFlatProt: 2D visualization eases protein structure comparisonTobias Olenyi0Constantin Carl1Tobias Senoner2Ivan Koludarov3Burkhard Rost4Department of Informatics, Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, School of Computation, Information, and Technology (CIT), TUM (Technical University of Munich)Department of Informatics, Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, School of Computation, Information, and Technology (CIT), TUM (Technical University of Munich)Department of Informatics, Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, School of Computation, Information, and Technology (CIT), TUM (Technical University of Munich)Department of Informatics, Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, School of Computation, Information, and Technology (CIT), TUM (Technical University of Munich)Department of Informatics, Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, School of Computation, Information, and Technology (CIT), TUM (Technical University of Munich)Abstract Background Understanding and comparing three-dimensional (3D) structures of proteins can advance bioinformatics, molecular biology, and drug discovery. While 3D models offer detailed insights, comparing multiple structures simultaneously remains challenging, especially on two-dimensional (2D) displays. Existing 2D visualization tools lack standardized approaches for pipelined inspection of large protein sets, limiting their utility in large-scale pre-filtering. Results We introduce FlatProt, a tool designed to complement 3D viewers by enabling standardized 2D visualization of individual protein structures or large sets thereof. By including Foldseek-based family rotation alignment or an inertia-based fallback, FlatProt creates consistent and scalable visual representations for user-defined protein structures. It supports domain-aware decomposition, family-level overlays, and lightweight visual abstraction of secondary structures. FlatProt processes proteins efficiently, as showcased on a subset of the human-proteome. Conclusion FlatProt provides clear, consistent, user-friendly visualizations that support rapid, comparative inspection of protein structures at scale. By bridging the gap between interactive 3D tools and static visual summaries, it enables users to explore conserved features, detect outliers, and prioritize structures for further analysis. Availability GitHub ( https://github.com/t03i/FlatProt ); Zenodo ( https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15697296 ).https://doi.org/10.1186/s12859-025-06233-xProtein visualizationBioinformatics toolsProtein structureSequence comparison
spellingShingle Tobias Olenyi
Constantin Carl
Tobias Senoner
Ivan Koludarov
Burkhard Rost
FlatProt: 2D visualization eases protein structure comparison
BMC Bioinformatics
Protein visualization
Bioinformatics tools
Protein structure
Sequence comparison
title FlatProt: 2D visualization eases protein structure comparison
title_full FlatProt: 2D visualization eases protein structure comparison
title_fullStr FlatProt: 2D visualization eases protein structure comparison
title_full_unstemmed FlatProt: 2D visualization eases protein structure comparison
title_short FlatProt: 2D visualization eases protein structure comparison
title_sort flatprot 2d visualization eases protein structure comparison
topic Protein visualization
Bioinformatics tools
Protein structure
Sequence comparison
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12859-025-06233-x
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AT constantincarl flatprot2dvisualizationeasesproteinstructurecomparison
AT tobiassenoner flatprot2dvisualizationeasesproteinstructurecomparison
AT ivankoludarov flatprot2dvisualizationeasesproteinstructurecomparison
AT burkhardrost flatprot2dvisualizationeasesproteinstructurecomparison