Prevalence of Weapons in the Health Care Setting: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

This study aimed to systematicically evaluate and quantify the prevalence of weapons in the health care setting. A systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and EBSCO MegaFILE was performed from inception to January 12, 2024. The primary outcome was the prevalence of weap...

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Main Authors: Sarayna S. McGuire, MD, MS, Casey M. Clements, MD, PhD, Dana J. Gerberi, MLIS, M. Hassan Murad, MD, MPH
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-02-01
Series:Mayo Clinic Proceedings: Innovations, Quality & Outcomes
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2542454824000729
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author Sarayna S. McGuire, MD, MS
Casey M. Clements, MD, PhD
Dana J. Gerberi, MLIS
M. Hassan Murad, MD, MPH
author_facet Sarayna S. McGuire, MD, MS
Casey M. Clements, MD, PhD
Dana J. Gerberi, MLIS
M. Hassan Murad, MD, MPH
author_sort Sarayna S. McGuire, MD, MS
collection DOAJ
description This study aimed to systematicically evaluate and quantify the prevalence of weapons in the health care setting. A systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and EBSCO MegaFILE was performed from inception to January 12, 2024. The primary outcome was the prevalence of weapons in the health care setting on patients and/or visitors. Prevalence was pooled across studies and estimated using a random effects model. Subgroup analyses were done based on types of weapons, characteristics of weapon carriers, weapons screening/detection technology, and screened population characteristics. A total of 14 observational studies were included. All studies were from the United States and were published between 1984 and 2023. Weapons prevalence ranged from 0.4% to 26.3% among populations screened in the included studies. The overall pooled weapons prevalence was 4.0% (95% CI, 2.0%-7.8%). Most weapons were bladed (3.8%; 95% CI, 1.5%-8.9%), followed by other weapons (0.6%; 95% CI, 0.3%-1.3%), and firearms (0.1%; 95% CI, 0.02%-0.5%; P<.01). Weapons prevalence was 2.0% (95% CI, 0.7%-5.8%) among individuals entering the hospital setting, compared with 1.6% (95% CI, 0.7%-3.4%) of individuals entering the emergency department and highest (24.3%; 95% CI, 21.6%-27.2%) when major trauma patients were hand-searched. Prevalence was higher in males than that in females (11.1% vs 3.1%; P=.01). Weapons should be expected on individuals presenting to hospitals in the United States; however, prevalence varied widely based on the setting, type of patients, and detection method.
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spelling doaj-art-230055a527cb47948748bc28ddc18c062024-12-16T05:36:45ZengElsevierMayo Clinic Proceedings: Innovations, Quality & Outcomes2542-45482025-02-0191100587Prevalence of Weapons in the Health Care Setting: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisSarayna S. McGuire, MD, MS0Casey M. Clements, MD, PhD1Dana J. Gerberi, MLIS2M. Hassan Murad, MD, MPH3Department of Emergency Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Correspondence: Address to Sarayna S. McGuire, MD, MS, Department of Emergency Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905.Department of Emergency Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MNMayo Clinic Libraries, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MNEvidence-Based Practice Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MNThis study aimed to systematicically evaluate and quantify the prevalence of weapons in the health care setting. A systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and EBSCO MegaFILE was performed from inception to January 12, 2024. The primary outcome was the prevalence of weapons in the health care setting on patients and/or visitors. Prevalence was pooled across studies and estimated using a random effects model. Subgroup analyses were done based on types of weapons, characteristics of weapon carriers, weapons screening/detection technology, and screened population characteristics. A total of 14 observational studies were included. All studies were from the United States and were published between 1984 and 2023. Weapons prevalence ranged from 0.4% to 26.3% among populations screened in the included studies. The overall pooled weapons prevalence was 4.0% (95% CI, 2.0%-7.8%). Most weapons were bladed (3.8%; 95% CI, 1.5%-8.9%), followed by other weapons (0.6%; 95% CI, 0.3%-1.3%), and firearms (0.1%; 95% CI, 0.02%-0.5%; P<.01). Weapons prevalence was 2.0% (95% CI, 0.7%-5.8%) among individuals entering the hospital setting, compared with 1.6% (95% CI, 0.7%-3.4%) of individuals entering the emergency department and highest (24.3%; 95% CI, 21.6%-27.2%) when major trauma patients were hand-searched. Prevalence was higher in males than that in females (11.1% vs 3.1%; P=.01). Weapons should be expected on individuals presenting to hospitals in the United States; however, prevalence varied widely based on the setting, type of patients, and detection method.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2542454824000729
spellingShingle Sarayna S. McGuire, MD, MS
Casey M. Clements, MD, PhD
Dana J. Gerberi, MLIS
M. Hassan Murad, MD, MPH
Prevalence of Weapons in the Health Care Setting: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Mayo Clinic Proceedings: Innovations, Quality & Outcomes
title Prevalence of Weapons in the Health Care Setting: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_full Prevalence of Weapons in the Health Care Setting: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_fullStr Prevalence of Weapons in the Health Care Setting: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Prevalence of Weapons in the Health Care Setting: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_short Prevalence of Weapons in the Health Care Setting: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_sort prevalence of weapons in the health care setting a systematic review and meta analysis
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2542454824000729
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