Increasing embedding capacity of stego images by exploiting edge pixels in prediction error space

In the field of data concealing, edge detection techniques are frequently employed, particularly for improving image quality and data security. These methods, however, have a lower embedding capacity. In order to take advantage of more edge pixels, many strategies are used nowadays. These schemes ei...

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Main Authors: Habiba Sultana, A.H.M. Kamal, Tasnim Sakib Apon, Md. Golam Rabiul Alam
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. 2024-01-01
Series:Cyber Security and Applications
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772918423000164
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author Habiba Sultana
A.H.M. Kamal
Tasnim Sakib Apon
Md. Golam Rabiul Alam
author_facet Habiba Sultana
A.H.M. Kamal
Tasnim Sakib Apon
Md. Golam Rabiul Alam
author_sort Habiba Sultana
collection DOAJ
description In the field of data concealing, edge detection techniques are frequently employed, particularly for improving image quality and data security. These methods, however, have a lower embedding capacity. In order to take advantage of more edge pixels, many strategies are used nowadays. These schemes either combine the output from multiple edge detectors or enlarge the edges of an edge image by dilating. Even so, if the amount of data is vast, the techniques might not be able to conceal all of it. Therefore, a novel strategy for edge exploitation is still needed to regulate the effectiveness of edge detection-based data-hiding strategies. By using edge detectors in the prediction error space, we utilized more edge pixels in this study (PES). Applying a predictor on the cover image and then calculating the prediction errors, we prepared the PES. The edges in PES were then marked using the edge detector. The edge-error corresponding pixels received more information than the relevant pixels that did not create an edge-error. Additionally, we combined the results from different edge detectors to produce more edges, which does help to achieve a higher embedding capacity. We implanted x number of secret bits in edge pixels and y number of bits in non-edge pixels where x>y. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms its rivals on all performance-measuring criteria, including payload, stego image quality, and resistance to attack.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2772-9184
language English
publishDate 2024-01-01
publisher KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
record_format Article
series Cyber Security and Applications
spelling doaj-art-22ae7a991d964ebe974a38c138920f2d2024-11-12T05:21:57ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Cyber Security and Applications2772-91842024-01-012100028Increasing embedding capacity of stego images by exploiting edge pixels in prediction error spaceHabiba Sultana0A.H.M. Kamal1Tasnim Sakib Apon2Md. Golam Rabiul Alam3Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Mymensingh, 2220, Bangladesh; Corresponding author.Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Mymensingh, 2220, BangladeshBRAC University, Dhaka, 1212, BangladeshBRAC University, Dhaka, 1212, BangladeshIn the field of data concealing, edge detection techniques are frequently employed, particularly for improving image quality and data security. These methods, however, have a lower embedding capacity. In order to take advantage of more edge pixels, many strategies are used nowadays. These schemes either combine the output from multiple edge detectors or enlarge the edges of an edge image by dilating. Even so, if the amount of data is vast, the techniques might not be able to conceal all of it. Therefore, a novel strategy for edge exploitation is still needed to regulate the effectiveness of edge detection-based data-hiding strategies. By using edge detectors in the prediction error space, we utilized more edge pixels in this study (PES). Applying a predictor on the cover image and then calculating the prediction errors, we prepared the PES. The edges in PES were then marked using the edge detector. The edge-error corresponding pixels received more information than the relevant pixels that did not create an edge-error. Additionally, we combined the results from different edge detectors to produce more edges, which does help to achieve a higher embedding capacity. We implanted x number of secret bits in edge pixels and y number of bits in non-edge pixels where x>y. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms its rivals on all performance-measuring criteria, including payload, stego image quality, and resistance to attack.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772918423000164Edge detectionPredictorEmbedding capacityPSNRSteganographySteganalysis
spellingShingle Habiba Sultana
A.H.M. Kamal
Tasnim Sakib Apon
Md. Golam Rabiul Alam
Increasing embedding capacity of stego images by exploiting edge pixels in prediction error space
Cyber Security and Applications
Edge detection
Predictor
Embedding capacity
PSNR
Steganography
Steganalysis
title Increasing embedding capacity of stego images by exploiting edge pixels in prediction error space
title_full Increasing embedding capacity of stego images by exploiting edge pixels in prediction error space
title_fullStr Increasing embedding capacity of stego images by exploiting edge pixels in prediction error space
title_full_unstemmed Increasing embedding capacity of stego images by exploiting edge pixels in prediction error space
title_short Increasing embedding capacity of stego images by exploiting edge pixels in prediction error space
title_sort increasing embedding capacity of stego images by exploiting edge pixels in prediction error space
topic Edge detection
Predictor
Embedding capacity
PSNR
Steganography
Steganalysis
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772918423000164
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