Psychological insulin resistance among patients with diabetes mellitus in Botswana
Background: Timely initiation of insulin therapy is vital in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, insulin initiation may be delayed because of psychological insulin resistance (PIR). Aim: This study aims to determine the prevalence of PIR and factors that contribute to PIR in adults wit...
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| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
AOSIS
2025-04-01
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| Series: | African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://phcfm.org/index.php/phcfm/article/view/4752 |
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| Summary: | Background: Timely initiation of insulin therapy is vital in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, insulin initiation may be delayed because of psychological insulin resistance (PIR).
Aim: This study aims to determine the prevalence of PIR and factors that contribute to PIR in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus at a diabetes clinic in Botswana.
Setting: The study was conducted in a diabetes clinic, one of the two large centres in the country that manage diabetes mellitus. It is situated on the south eastern part of Botswana.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. We included participants aged between 18 and 80 years old and diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus for more than 1 year. Patients’ attitudes towards insulin therapy were assessed using the Insulin Treatment Appraisal Scale (ITAS).
Results: The prevalence of PIR was 82.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 78.0 – 87.8) out of the 228 respondents. Factors significantly associated with PIR were gender (odds ratio [OR] adjusted 0.44; 95% confidence interval 0.211 – 0.921; p = 0.029) and treatment type (OR adjusted 1.58; 95% confidence interval 1.067 – 2.341; p = 0.023).
Conclusion: Significant factors associated with psychological insulin resistance were patient and health system-related. It is therefore pivotal to improve patient and healthcare provider communication and to ensure that patient education is thoroughly performed at the diagnosis of disease.
Contribution: This study highlights the importance of patient education at diagnosis and during treatment continuum of diabetes mellitus. |
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| ISSN: | 2071-2928 2071-2936 |