Effect of Natural Degradation on Wood Samples Used in Late Ottoman Period Architecture: A Case Study from Kahramanmaraş (Southern Türkiye)

This article examines the chemical deterioration of wooden materials on the exterior surfaces of a historical mansion in Kahramanmaraş, constructed using the Bağdadi Wall Construction Technique, which is a rare example of Late Ottoman-Turkish architecture. The study employed various analyses to demo...

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Main Authors: Oktay Dumankaya, Gonca Düzkale Sözbir, Songül Şahin Dumankaya, Tamer Sözbir
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: North Carolina State University 2025-03-01
Series:BioResources
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Online Access:https://ojs.bioresources.com/index.php/BRJ/article/view/24035
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author Oktay Dumankaya
Gonca Düzkale Sözbir
Songül Şahin Dumankaya
Tamer Sözbir
author_facet Oktay Dumankaya
Gonca Düzkale Sözbir
Songül Şahin Dumankaya
Tamer Sözbir
author_sort Oktay Dumankaya
collection DOAJ
description This article examines the chemical deterioration of wooden materials on the exterior surfaces of a historical mansion in Kahramanmaraş, constructed using the Bağdadi Wall Construction Technique, which is a rare example of Late Ottoman-Turkish architecture. The study employed various analyses to demonstrate that environmental factors, such as air, temperature, light, rain, and biological decay, have aged the wood. Fourier transform infrared analysis revealed a decrease in holocellulose peak density and lignin degradation. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the amorphous components of hardwood had diminished, leading to an increase in crystallinity, while the crystalline cellulose content in softwood had decreased, thereby weakening the structure. Thermal analysis uncovered changes in thermal stability between the wood’s outer and inner surfaces. Ultraviolet analysis indicated a 21% color change on the exterior compared to that in the interior. Despite the deterioration of the exterior, the interior surfaces remained intact. Appropriate measures could prolong the mansion’s lifespan, and urgent restoration is necessary to preserve this important cultural heritage.
format Article
id doaj-art-21b1ff229d6c4a39a80ba4dbb3f4e37f
institution Kabale University
issn 1930-2126
language English
publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher North Carolina State University
record_format Article
series BioResources
spelling doaj-art-21b1ff229d6c4a39a80ba4dbb3f4e37f2025-08-20T03:52:07ZengNorth Carolina State UniversityBioResources1930-21262025-03-01202342434422894Effect of Natural Degradation on Wood Samples Used in Late Ottoman Period Architecture: A Case Study from Kahramanmaraş (Southern Türkiye)Oktay Dumankaya0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9007-0536Gonca Düzkale Sözbir1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0728-841XSongül Şahin Dumankaya2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9224-8393Tamer Sözbir3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9035-8214Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Science, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, TürkiyeVocational School of Technical Sciences, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, TürkiyeDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, TürkiyeKahramanmaras Paper Industry Inc., TürkiyeThis article examines the chemical deterioration of wooden materials on the exterior surfaces of a historical mansion in Kahramanmaraş, constructed using the Bağdadi Wall Construction Technique, which is a rare example of Late Ottoman-Turkish architecture. The study employed various analyses to demonstrate that environmental factors, such as air, temperature, light, rain, and biological decay, have aged the wood. Fourier transform infrared analysis revealed a decrease in holocellulose peak density and lignin degradation. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the amorphous components of hardwood had diminished, leading to an increase in crystallinity, while the crystalline cellulose content in softwood had decreased, thereby weakening the structure. Thermal analysis uncovered changes in thermal stability between the wood’s outer and inner surfaces. Ultraviolet analysis indicated a 21% color change on the exterior compared to that in the interior. Despite the deterioration of the exterior, the interior surfaces remained intact. Appropriate measures could prolong the mansion’s lifespan, and urgent restoration is necessary to preserve this important cultural heritage.https://ojs.bioresources.com/index.php/BRJ/article/view/24035ftirxrdtga/dtg/dtauv analyseslate ottoman periodcultural heritageottoman-turkish house
spellingShingle Oktay Dumankaya
Gonca Düzkale Sözbir
Songül Şahin Dumankaya
Tamer Sözbir
Effect of Natural Degradation on Wood Samples Used in Late Ottoman Period Architecture: A Case Study from Kahramanmaraş (Southern Türkiye)
BioResources
ftir
xrd
tga/dtg/dta
uv analyses
late ottoman period
cultural heritage
ottoman-turkish house
title Effect of Natural Degradation on Wood Samples Used in Late Ottoman Period Architecture: A Case Study from Kahramanmaraş (Southern Türkiye)
title_full Effect of Natural Degradation on Wood Samples Used in Late Ottoman Period Architecture: A Case Study from Kahramanmaraş (Southern Türkiye)
title_fullStr Effect of Natural Degradation on Wood Samples Used in Late Ottoman Period Architecture: A Case Study from Kahramanmaraş (Southern Türkiye)
title_full_unstemmed Effect of Natural Degradation on Wood Samples Used in Late Ottoman Period Architecture: A Case Study from Kahramanmaraş (Southern Türkiye)
title_short Effect of Natural Degradation on Wood Samples Used in Late Ottoman Period Architecture: A Case Study from Kahramanmaraş (Southern Türkiye)
title_sort effect of natural degradation on wood samples used in late ottoman period architecture a case study from kahramanmaras southern turkiye
topic ftir
xrd
tga/dtg/dta
uv analyses
late ottoman period
cultural heritage
ottoman-turkish house
url https://ojs.bioresources.com/index.php/BRJ/article/view/24035
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