Study of Online Testing of Void Defects in AM Components with Grating Laser Ultrasonic Spectrum Method
Void defects, manifested as distributed porosity, are common in metal additive manufacturing (AM) and can significantly degrade the mechanical performance and reliability of fabricated components. To enable real-time quality control during fabrication, this study proposes a grating laser ultrasonic...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/14/7995 |
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| author | Hengtao Li Yan Liu Jinfeng Yang Qinghua Guo Zhichao Gan Cuixiang Pei |
| author_facet | Hengtao Li Yan Liu Jinfeng Yang Qinghua Guo Zhichao Gan Cuixiang Pei |
| author_sort | Hengtao Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Void defects, manifested as distributed porosity, are common in metal additive manufacturing (AM) and can significantly degrade the mechanical performance and reliability of fabricated components. To enable real-time quality control during fabrication, this study proposes a grating laser ultrasonic method for the online evaluation of porosity in AM parts. Based on the theoretical relationship between surface acoustic wave (SAW) velocity and material porosity, a non-contact detection approach is developed, allowing the direct inference of porosity from the measured SAW velocities without requiring knowledge of the exact source–detector distance. Numerical simulations are conducted to analyze SAW propagation under varying porosity conditions and to validate the inversion model. Experimental measurements on aluminum alloy specimens with different porosity levels further confirm the sensitivity of SAW signals to internal voids. The results show consistent waveform and spectral trends between the simulation and experiment, supporting the feasibility of the proposed method for practical applications. Overall, the findings demonstrate the potential of this approach for the accurate online monitoring of void defects in metal AM components. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2193f979e65b4d93b10af6b9644b5004 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-2193f979e65b4d93b10af6b9644b50042025-08-20T03:58:30ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-07-011514799510.3390/app15147995Study of Online Testing of Void Defects in AM Components with Grating Laser Ultrasonic Spectrum MethodHengtao Li0Yan Liu1Jinfeng Yang2Qinghua Guo3Zhichao Gan4Cuixiang Pei5State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Equipment, CNPC Tubular Goods Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Equipment, CNPC Tubular Goods Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, ChinaPetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company, Xi’an 710200, ChinaHuanqing Oil Production Plant of Yumen Oilfield, Qingyang 745700, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of NDT and Structural Integrity Evaluation, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of NDT and Structural Integrity Evaluation, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, ChinaVoid defects, manifested as distributed porosity, are common in metal additive manufacturing (AM) and can significantly degrade the mechanical performance and reliability of fabricated components. To enable real-time quality control during fabrication, this study proposes a grating laser ultrasonic method for the online evaluation of porosity in AM parts. Based on the theoretical relationship between surface acoustic wave (SAW) velocity and material porosity, a non-contact detection approach is developed, allowing the direct inference of porosity from the measured SAW velocities without requiring knowledge of the exact source–detector distance. Numerical simulations are conducted to analyze SAW propagation under varying porosity conditions and to validate the inversion model. Experimental measurements on aluminum alloy specimens with different porosity levels further confirm the sensitivity of SAW signals to internal voids. The results show consistent waveform and spectral trends between the simulation and experiment, supporting the feasibility of the proposed method for practical applications. Overall, the findings demonstrate the potential of this approach for the accurate online monitoring of void defects in metal AM components.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/14/7995additive manufacturinggrating laser ultrasonicsonline monitoringporosity evaluationsurface acoustic wave |
| spellingShingle | Hengtao Li Yan Liu Jinfeng Yang Qinghua Guo Zhichao Gan Cuixiang Pei Study of Online Testing of Void Defects in AM Components with Grating Laser Ultrasonic Spectrum Method Applied Sciences additive manufacturing grating laser ultrasonics online monitoring porosity evaluation surface acoustic wave |
| title | Study of Online Testing of Void Defects in AM Components with Grating Laser Ultrasonic Spectrum Method |
| title_full | Study of Online Testing of Void Defects in AM Components with Grating Laser Ultrasonic Spectrum Method |
| title_fullStr | Study of Online Testing of Void Defects in AM Components with Grating Laser Ultrasonic Spectrum Method |
| title_full_unstemmed | Study of Online Testing of Void Defects in AM Components with Grating Laser Ultrasonic Spectrum Method |
| title_short | Study of Online Testing of Void Defects in AM Components with Grating Laser Ultrasonic Spectrum Method |
| title_sort | study of online testing of void defects in am components with grating laser ultrasonic spectrum method |
| topic | additive manufacturing grating laser ultrasonics online monitoring porosity evaluation surface acoustic wave |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/14/7995 |
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