The Trend of Changes in Adiponectin, Resistin, and Adiponectin–Resistin Index Values in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with the Development of Metabolic Syndrome
<i>Background and Objectives</i>: This study aimed to investigate the novel adiponectin–resistin (AR) index as a predictor of the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MetS is common in T2DM and increases cardiovascular risk. Adipon...
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MDPI AG
2024-11-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/60/11/1795 |
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| author | Almir Fajkić Rijad Jahić Malik Ejubović Miralem Đešević Amira Jagodić Ejubović Orhan Lepara |
| author_facet | Almir Fajkić Rijad Jahić Malik Ejubović Miralem Đešević Amira Jagodić Ejubović Orhan Lepara |
| author_sort | Almir Fajkić |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Background and Objectives</i>: This study aimed to investigate the novel adiponectin–resistin (AR) index as a predictor of the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MetS is common in T2DM and increases cardiovascular risk. Adiponectin and resistin, adipokines with opposing effects on insulin sensitivity and inflammation, make the AR index a potential marker for metabolic risk. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: This prospective observational study included 80 T2DM participants (ages 30–60) from Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, over 24 months. The participants were divided into two groups: T2DM with MetS (<i>n</i> = 48) and T2DM without MetS (<i>n</i> = 32). Anthropometric data, biochemical analyses, and serum levels of adiponectin and resistin were measured at baseline and every six months. The AR index was calculated using the formula AR = 1 + log10(R) − 1 + log10(A), where R and A represent resistin and adiponectin concentrations. Logistic regression identified predictors of MetS. <i>Results</i>: T2DM patients who developed MetS showed a significant decline in adiponectin levels (40.19 to 32.49 ng/mL, <i>p</i> = 0.02) and a rise in resistin levels (284.50 to 315.21 pg/mL, <i>p</i> = 0.001). The AR index increased from 2.85 to 2.98 (<i>p</i> = 0.001). The AR index and resistin were independent predictors of MetS after 18 months, with the AR index showing a stronger predictive value (<i>p</i> = 0.007; EXP(B) = 1.265). <i>Conclusions</i>: The AR index is a practical marker for predicting MetS development in T2DM participants, improving metabolic risk stratification. Incorporating it into clinical assessments may enhance early detection and treatment strategies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2144c609a98a4d6ea4f8f98c02732eed |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1010-660X 1648-9144 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Medicina |
| spelling | doaj-art-2144c609a98a4d6ea4f8f98c02732eed2024-11-26T18:12:26ZengMDPI AGMedicina1010-660X1648-91442024-11-016011179510.3390/medicina60111795The Trend of Changes in Adiponectin, Resistin, and Adiponectin–Resistin Index Values in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with the Development of Metabolic SyndromeAlmir Fajkić0Rijad Jahić1Malik Ejubović2Miralem Đešević3Amira Jagodić Ejubović4Orhan Lepara5Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and HerzegovinaUniversity Clinical Center Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and HerzegovinaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Zenica, 72000 Zenica, Bosnia and HerzegovinaDepartment of Cardiology, Polyclinic Eurofarm Center Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and HerzegovinaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Zenica, 72000 Zenica, Bosnia and HerzegovinaDepartment of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina<i>Background and Objectives</i>: This study aimed to investigate the novel adiponectin–resistin (AR) index as a predictor of the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MetS is common in T2DM and increases cardiovascular risk. Adiponectin and resistin, adipokines with opposing effects on insulin sensitivity and inflammation, make the AR index a potential marker for metabolic risk. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: This prospective observational study included 80 T2DM participants (ages 30–60) from Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, over 24 months. The participants were divided into two groups: T2DM with MetS (<i>n</i> = 48) and T2DM without MetS (<i>n</i> = 32). Anthropometric data, biochemical analyses, and serum levels of adiponectin and resistin were measured at baseline and every six months. The AR index was calculated using the formula AR = 1 + log10(R) − 1 + log10(A), where R and A represent resistin and adiponectin concentrations. Logistic regression identified predictors of MetS. <i>Results</i>: T2DM patients who developed MetS showed a significant decline in adiponectin levels (40.19 to 32.49 ng/mL, <i>p</i> = 0.02) and a rise in resistin levels (284.50 to 315.21 pg/mL, <i>p</i> = 0.001). The AR index increased from 2.85 to 2.98 (<i>p</i> = 0.001). The AR index and resistin were independent predictors of MetS after 18 months, with the AR index showing a stronger predictive value (<i>p</i> = 0.007; EXP(B) = 1.265). <i>Conclusions</i>: The AR index is a practical marker for predicting MetS development in T2DM participants, improving metabolic risk stratification. Incorporating it into clinical assessments may enhance early detection and treatment strategies.https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/60/11/1795type 2 diabetes mellitusmetabolic syndromeadiponectinresistinAR index |
| spellingShingle | Almir Fajkić Rijad Jahić Malik Ejubović Miralem Đešević Amira Jagodić Ejubović Orhan Lepara The Trend of Changes in Adiponectin, Resistin, and Adiponectin–Resistin Index Values in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with the Development of Metabolic Syndrome Medicina type 2 diabetes mellitus metabolic syndrome adiponectin resistin AR index |
| title | The Trend of Changes in Adiponectin, Resistin, and Adiponectin–Resistin Index Values in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with the Development of Metabolic Syndrome |
| title_full | The Trend of Changes in Adiponectin, Resistin, and Adiponectin–Resistin Index Values in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with the Development of Metabolic Syndrome |
| title_fullStr | The Trend of Changes in Adiponectin, Resistin, and Adiponectin–Resistin Index Values in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with the Development of Metabolic Syndrome |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Trend of Changes in Adiponectin, Resistin, and Adiponectin–Resistin Index Values in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with the Development of Metabolic Syndrome |
| title_short | The Trend of Changes in Adiponectin, Resistin, and Adiponectin–Resistin Index Values in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with the Development of Metabolic Syndrome |
| title_sort | trend of changes in adiponectin resistin and adiponectin resistin index values in type 2 diabetic patients with the development of metabolic syndrome |
| topic | type 2 diabetes mellitus metabolic syndrome adiponectin resistin AR index |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/60/11/1795 |
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