High-precision neural information detection of multiple brain regions in mice under different concentrations of isoflurane anesthesia based on microelectrode arrays
Abstract The precise neural mechanisms by which general anesthetics induce unconsciousness remain undetermined, with ongoing debate over whether they primarily affect the cortex directly or act predominantly on the sleep–wake brain regions. There is an urgent need for high-precision methodologies to...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Publishing Group
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Microsystems & Nanoengineering |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41378-025-00944-0 |
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| author | Yiming Duan Qianli Jia Jinping Luo Yu Wang Qi Li Shiya Lv Luyi Jing Wei Xu Xiaoying Zhang Yulong Ma Weidong Mi Xinxia Cai |
| author_facet | Yiming Duan Qianli Jia Jinping Luo Yu Wang Qi Li Shiya Lv Luyi Jing Wei Xu Xiaoying Zhang Yulong Ma Weidong Mi Xinxia Cai |
| author_sort | Yiming Duan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The precise neural mechanisms by which general anesthetics induce unconsciousness remain undetermined, with ongoing debate over whether they primarily affect the cortex directly or act predominantly on the sleep–wake brain regions. There is an urgent need for high-precision methodologies to detect and analyze neural information across cortical and subcortical regions. In this study, we designed and fabricated the microelectrode arrays to detect electrophysiological signals from nine brain regions, ranging from the secondary motor cortex to the preoptic area in mice under different concentrations of isoflurane anesthesia. The results demonstrate that isoflurane induces a synchronous inhibitory effect on neural activity in both cortical and subcortical regions of mice during the maintenance phase of anesthesia, which intensifies with increasing anesthesia concentration. Moreover, cortical neurons exhibit a more pronounced inhibitory response to isoflurane, as reflected by significant reductions in local field potential power and spike firing rates compared to subcortical neurons during the suppression phase. These findings suggest that isoflurane during the maintenance phase of anesthesia is more likely to align with the “top–down” paradigm by directly inhibiting cortical regions to maintain unconsciousness. In summary, these discoveries could further refine the study of the neural mechanisms of isoflurane-induced unconsciousness. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-212d251f9c0c4f49ad14d0d80dda2e92 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2055-7434 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Nature Publishing Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microsystems & Nanoengineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-212d251f9c0c4f49ad14d0d80dda2e922025-08-20T03:45:11ZengNature Publishing GroupMicrosystems & Nanoengineering2055-74342025-06-0111111110.1038/s41378-025-00944-0High-precision neural information detection of multiple brain regions in mice under different concentrations of isoflurane anesthesia based on microelectrode arraysYiming Duan0Qianli Jia1Jinping Luo2Yu Wang3Qi Li4Shiya Lv5Luyi Jing6Wei Xu7Xiaoying Zhang8Yulong Ma9Weidong Mi10Xinxia Cai11State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of SciencesState Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of SciencesState Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of SciencesState Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of SciencesDepartment of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineState Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of SciencesState Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of SciencesState Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of SciencesDepartment of Anesthesiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalDepartment of Anesthesiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalDepartment of Anesthesiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalState Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of SciencesAbstract The precise neural mechanisms by which general anesthetics induce unconsciousness remain undetermined, with ongoing debate over whether they primarily affect the cortex directly or act predominantly on the sleep–wake brain regions. There is an urgent need for high-precision methodologies to detect and analyze neural information across cortical and subcortical regions. In this study, we designed and fabricated the microelectrode arrays to detect electrophysiological signals from nine brain regions, ranging from the secondary motor cortex to the preoptic area in mice under different concentrations of isoflurane anesthesia. The results demonstrate that isoflurane induces a synchronous inhibitory effect on neural activity in both cortical and subcortical regions of mice during the maintenance phase of anesthesia, which intensifies with increasing anesthesia concentration. Moreover, cortical neurons exhibit a more pronounced inhibitory response to isoflurane, as reflected by significant reductions in local field potential power and spike firing rates compared to subcortical neurons during the suppression phase. These findings suggest that isoflurane during the maintenance phase of anesthesia is more likely to align with the “top–down” paradigm by directly inhibiting cortical regions to maintain unconsciousness. In summary, these discoveries could further refine the study of the neural mechanisms of isoflurane-induced unconsciousness.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41378-025-00944-0 |
| spellingShingle | Yiming Duan Qianli Jia Jinping Luo Yu Wang Qi Li Shiya Lv Luyi Jing Wei Xu Xiaoying Zhang Yulong Ma Weidong Mi Xinxia Cai High-precision neural information detection of multiple brain regions in mice under different concentrations of isoflurane anesthesia based on microelectrode arrays Microsystems & Nanoengineering |
| title | High-precision neural information detection of multiple brain regions in mice under different concentrations of isoflurane anesthesia based on microelectrode arrays |
| title_full | High-precision neural information detection of multiple brain regions in mice under different concentrations of isoflurane anesthesia based on microelectrode arrays |
| title_fullStr | High-precision neural information detection of multiple brain regions in mice under different concentrations of isoflurane anesthesia based on microelectrode arrays |
| title_full_unstemmed | High-precision neural information detection of multiple brain regions in mice under different concentrations of isoflurane anesthesia based on microelectrode arrays |
| title_short | High-precision neural information detection of multiple brain regions in mice under different concentrations of isoflurane anesthesia based on microelectrode arrays |
| title_sort | high precision neural information detection of multiple brain regions in mice under different concentrations of isoflurane anesthesia based on microelectrode arrays |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41378-025-00944-0 |
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