Distribution of trace elements and rare earth elements in coal from the Bhalukasba Surni coal block, Rajmahal coalfield, Eastern India

Abstract Exploration of secondary resources for isolation of valuable constituents, such as rare earth elements (REEs) and trace elements (TEs), is of importance owing to the need to identify new domestic sources and reduce reliance on imports. The present study systematically discusses the distribu...

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Main Authors: Saswati Chakladar, Sneha Kumari, Alok Kumar, Ashok Mohanty, Sanchita Chakravarty, Allan Kolker
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2024-11-01
Series:International Journal of Coal Science & Technology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s40789-024-00729-2
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author Saswati Chakladar
Sneha Kumari
Alok Kumar
Ashok Mohanty
Sanchita Chakravarty
Allan Kolker
author_facet Saswati Chakladar
Sneha Kumari
Alok Kumar
Ashok Mohanty
Sanchita Chakravarty
Allan Kolker
author_sort Saswati Chakladar
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Exploration of secondary resources for isolation of valuable constituents, such as rare earth elements (REEs) and trace elements (TEs), is of importance owing to the need to identify new domestic sources and reduce reliance on imports. The present study systematically discusses the distribution of REEs and TEs in core samples from the coal block of Bhalukasba Surni {(B1(125 m)-B9 (409 m)} located in Rajmahal coalfield, Jharkhand, India, which has not been investigated previously for its geochemistry. The studied coal samples were found to be enriched in TEs whose abundances were in the order of Mn > Mo > Zr > Ni > Cr > V > Cu > Zn > Pb, and REEs (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu) along with Sc and Y. The average concentration of REEs with yttrium (ΣREY) on an ash basis was 528 ppm, which is significantly higher than the world average for coal ash (435 ppm). Of the samples investigated, B3 (182–184 m) and B8 (396–399 m) demonstrated relatively higher concentrations of potentially economic elements, with B3 containing a higher proportion of middle to heavy REEs Gd, Dy, Ho and Er, and B8 showing relative enrichment in Nd and Y. On dry whole coal basis, B6 (275–278 m) showed a considerably higher concentration of Ge (55 ppm) than other samples, whereas the concentration of Zr varied in the range of 90–160 ppm in the whole coal block. X-ray diffraction studies revealed the presence of quartz, keatite, hematite, zircon, anatase and orthoclase in the coal ash samples prepared at 815 °C. REEs exhibited prominent positive correlation with Al2O3 (0.4 < r > 0.9) which is supportive of their residence in primary clay minerals such as kaolinite and illite-smectite. Additionally, a positive correlation of REEs with P2O5 (0.4 < r > 0.9) suggests their association with phosphate minerals (such as monazite, xenotime, apatite). Positive correlation with TiO2 (r > 0.7) corroborates the possible association of REEs with anatase. The morphology of the coal ash samples viewed in SEM showed the presence of Al2O3 and SiO2 enriched irregular-sponge particles likely derived from partly-fused clay minerals, which accounted for the lower extent of REE encapsulation. The Bhalukasba Surni coal block is potentially of economic importance due to its enrichment in Ge, Zr, and the REEs.
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spelling doaj-art-211e8766f8174660a7c7ad92dca83b6d2024-11-24T12:04:00ZengSpringerOpenInternational Journal of Coal Science & Technology2095-82932198-78232024-11-0111111510.1007/s40789-024-00729-2Distribution of trace elements and rare earth elements in coal from the Bhalukasba Surni coal block, Rajmahal coalfield, Eastern IndiaSaswati Chakladar0Sneha Kumari1Alok Kumar2Ashok Mohanty3Sanchita Chakravarty4Allan Kolker5Analytical and Applied Chemistry Division, CSIR- National Metallurgical LaboratoryAnalytical and Applied Chemistry Division, CSIR- National Metallurgical LaboratoryDepartment of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of MalayaAnalytical and Applied Chemistry Division, CSIR- National Metallurgical LaboratoryAnalytical and Applied Chemistry Division, CSIR- National Metallurgical LaboratoryU.S. Geological Survey Geology, Energy, & Minerals Science CenterAbstract Exploration of secondary resources for isolation of valuable constituents, such as rare earth elements (REEs) and trace elements (TEs), is of importance owing to the need to identify new domestic sources and reduce reliance on imports. The present study systematically discusses the distribution of REEs and TEs in core samples from the coal block of Bhalukasba Surni {(B1(125 m)-B9 (409 m)} located in Rajmahal coalfield, Jharkhand, India, which has not been investigated previously for its geochemistry. The studied coal samples were found to be enriched in TEs whose abundances were in the order of Mn > Mo > Zr > Ni > Cr > V > Cu > Zn > Pb, and REEs (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu) along with Sc and Y. The average concentration of REEs with yttrium (ΣREY) on an ash basis was 528 ppm, which is significantly higher than the world average for coal ash (435 ppm). Of the samples investigated, B3 (182–184 m) and B8 (396–399 m) demonstrated relatively higher concentrations of potentially economic elements, with B3 containing a higher proportion of middle to heavy REEs Gd, Dy, Ho and Er, and B8 showing relative enrichment in Nd and Y. On dry whole coal basis, B6 (275–278 m) showed a considerably higher concentration of Ge (55 ppm) than other samples, whereas the concentration of Zr varied in the range of 90–160 ppm in the whole coal block. X-ray diffraction studies revealed the presence of quartz, keatite, hematite, zircon, anatase and orthoclase in the coal ash samples prepared at 815 °C. REEs exhibited prominent positive correlation with Al2O3 (0.4 < r > 0.9) which is supportive of their residence in primary clay minerals such as kaolinite and illite-smectite. Additionally, a positive correlation of REEs with P2O5 (0.4 < r > 0.9) suggests their association with phosphate minerals (such as monazite, xenotime, apatite). Positive correlation with TiO2 (r > 0.7) corroborates the possible association of REEs with anatase. The morphology of the coal ash samples viewed in SEM showed the presence of Al2O3 and SiO2 enriched irregular-sponge particles likely derived from partly-fused clay minerals, which accounted for the lower extent of REE encapsulation. The Bhalukasba Surni coal block is potentially of economic importance due to its enrichment in Ge, Zr, and the REEs.https://doi.org/10.1007/s40789-024-00729-2CoalRajmahal basinRare earth elementsDistributionTrace elementsCorrelation
spellingShingle Saswati Chakladar
Sneha Kumari
Alok Kumar
Ashok Mohanty
Sanchita Chakravarty
Allan Kolker
Distribution of trace elements and rare earth elements in coal from the Bhalukasba Surni coal block, Rajmahal coalfield, Eastern India
International Journal of Coal Science & Technology
Coal
Rajmahal basin
Rare earth elements
Distribution
Trace elements
Correlation
title Distribution of trace elements and rare earth elements in coal from the Bhalukasba Surni coal block, Rajmahal coalfield, Eastern India
title_full Distribution of trace elements and rare earth elements in coal from the Bhalukasba Surni coal block, Rajmahal coalfield, Eastern India
title_fullStr Distribution of trace elements and rare earth elements in coal from the Bhalukasba Surni coal block, Rajmahal coalfield, Eastern India
title_full_unstemmed Distribution of trace elements and rare earth elements in coal from the Bhalukasba Surni coal block, Rajmahal coalfield, Eastern India
title_short Distribution of trace elements and rare earth elements in coal from the Bhalukasba Surni coal block, Rajmahal coalfield, Eastern India
title_sort distribution of trace elements and rare earth elements in coal from the bhalukasba surni coal block rajmahal coalfield eastern india
topic Coal
Rajmahal basin
Rare earth elements
Distribution
Trace elements
Correlation
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s40789-024-00729-2
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