Host-microbe multiomic profiling identifies distinct COVID-19 immune dysregulation in solid organ transplant recipients

Host-microbe multiomic profiling identifies distinct COVID-19 immune dysregulation in solid organ transplant recipients

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses significant risks for solid organ transplant recipients, who have atypical but poorly characterized immune responses to infection. We aim to understand the host immunologic and microbial features of COVID-19 in transplant recipients by leveraging a...

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Main Authors: Harry Pickering, Joanna Schaenman, Hoang Van Phan, Cole Maguire, Alexandra Tsitsiklis, Nadine Rouphael, Nelson Iván Agudelo Higuita, Mark A. Atkinson, Scott Brakenridge, Monica Fung, William Messer, IMPACC Network, Ramin Salehi-rad, Matthew C. Altman, Patrice M. Becker, Steven E. Bosinger, Walter Eckalbar, Annmarie Hoch, Naresh Doni Jayavelu, Seunghee Kim-Schulze, Meagan Jenkins, Steven H. Kleinstein, Florian Krammer, Holden T. Maecker, Al Ozonoff, Joann Diray-Arce, Albert Shaw, Lindsey Baden, Ofer Levy, Elaine F. Reed, Charles R. Langelier
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-01-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-55823-z
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Summary:Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses significant risks for solid organ transplant recipients, who have atypical but poorly characterized immune responses to infection. We aim to understand the host immunologic and microbial features of COVID-19 in transplant recipients by leveraging a prospective multicenter cohort of 86 transplant recipients age- and sex-matched with 172 non-transplant controls. We find that transplant recipients have higher nasal SARS-CoV-2 viral abundance and impaired viral clearance, and lower anti-spike IgG levels. In addition, transplant recipients exhibit decreased plasmablasts and transitional B cells, and increased senescent T cells. Blood and nasal transcriptional profiling demonstrate unexpected upregulation of innate immune signaling pathways and increased levels of several proinflammatory serum chemokines. Severe disease in transplant recipients, however, is characterized by a less robust induction of pro-inflammatory genes and chemokines. Together, our study reveals distinct immune features and altered viral dynamics in solid organ transplant recipients.
ISSN:2041-1723

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