The Evolving Molecular Landscape and Actionable Alterations in Urologic Cancers
The genetic landscape of urologic cancers has evolved with the identification of actionable mutations that impact diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic strategies. This narrative review consolidates existing literature on genetic mutations across key urologic cancers, including bladder, renal, prost...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Current Oncology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1718-7729/31/11/511 |
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| author | Ryan Michael Antar Christopher Fawaz Diego Gonzalez Vincent Eric Xu Arthur Pierre Drouaud Jason Krastein Faozia Pio Andeulazia Murdock Kirolos Youssef Stanislav Sobol Michael J. Whalen |
| author_facet | Ryan Michael Antar Christopher Fawaz Diego Gonzalez Vincent Eric Xu Arthur Pierre Drouaud Jason Krastein Faozia Pio Andeulazia Murdock Kirolos Youssef Stanislav Sobol Michael J. Whalen |
| author_sort | Ryan Michael Antar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The genetic landscape of urologic cancers has evolved with the identification of actionable mutations that impact diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic strategies. This narrative review consolidates existing literature on genetic mutations across key urologic cancers, including bladder, renal, prostate, upper tract urothelial, testicular, and penile. The review highlights mutations in DNA damage repair genes, such as BRCA1/2 and PTEN, as well as pathway alterations like FGFR and PD-L1 overexpression. These mutations influence tumor behavior and therapeutic outcomes, emphasizing the need for precision oncology approaches. Molecular profiling, through tools like next-generation sequencing, has revolutionized patient care by enabling targeted treatment strategies, especially in cancers with distinct molecular subtypes such as luminal or basal bladder cancer and clear cell renal carcinoma. Emerging therapies, including FGFR inhibitors and immune checkpoint blockade, offer new treatment avenues, although resistance mechanisms remain a challenge. We also emphasize the importance of biomarker identification for personalized management, especially in metastatic settings where treatment intensification is often required. Future research is needed to further elucidate our understanding of the genetics affecting urologic cancers, which will help develop novel, individualized therapies to enhance oncologic outcomes. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1ff71cfece1d48eb8eb214195d96b32b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1198-0052 1718-7729 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Current Oncology |
| spelling | doaj-art-1ff71cfece1d48eb8eb214195d96b32b2024-11-26T17:58:57ZengMDPI AGCurrent Oncology1198-00521718-77292024-11-0131116909693710.3390/curroncol31110511The Evolving Molecular Landscape and Actionable Alterations in Urologic CancersRyan Michael Antar0Christopher Fawaz1Diego Gonzalez2Vincent Eric Xu3Arthur Pierre Drouaud4Jason Krastein5Faozia Pio6Andeulazia Murdock7Kirolos Youssef8Stanislav Sobol9Michael J. Whalen10Department of Urology, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USADepartment of Urology, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USADepartment of Urology, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USADepartment of Urology, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USADepartment of Urology, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USADepartment of Urology, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USADepartment of Urology, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USADepartment of Urology, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USADepartment of Urology, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USADepartment of Urology, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USADepartment of Urology, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USAThe genetic landscape of urologic cancers has evolved with the identification of actionable mutations that impact diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic strategies. This narrative review consolidates existing literature on genetic mutations across key urologic cancers, including bladder, renal, prostate, upper tract urothelial, testicular, and penile. The review highlights mutations in DNA damage repair genes, such as BRCA1/2 and PTEN, as well as pathway alterations like FGFR and PD-L1 overexpression. These mutations influence tumor behavior and therapeutic outcomes, emphasizing the need for precision oncology approaches. Molecular profiling, through tools like next-generation sequencing, has revolutionized patient care by enabling targeted treatment strategies, especially in cancers with distinct molecular subtypes such as luminal or basal bladder cancer and clear cell renal carcinoma. Emerging therapies, including FGFR inhibitors and immune checkpoint blockade, offer new treatment avenues, although resistance mechanisms remain a challenge. We also emphasize the importance of biomarker identification for personalized management, especially in metastatic settings where treatment intensification is often required. Future research is needed to further elucidate our understanding of the genetics affecting urologic cancers, which will help develop novel, individualized therapies to enhance oncologic outcomes.https://www.mdpi.com/1718-7729/31/11/511urologyurologic cancersgenitourinaryprostatebladderrenal cell carcinoma |
| spellingShingle | Ryan Michael Antar Christopher Fawaz Diego Gonzalez Vincent Eric Xu Arthur Pierre Drouaud Jason Krastein Faozia Pio Andeulazia Murdock Kirolos Youssef Stanislav Sobol Michael J. Whalen The Evolving Molecular Landscape and Actionable Alterations in Urologic Cancers Current Oncology urology urologic cancers genitourinary prostate bladder renal cell carcinoma |
| title | The Evolving Molecular Landscape and Actionable Alterations in Urologic Cancers |
| title_full | The Evolving Molecular Landscape and Actionable Alterations in Urologic Cancers |
| title_fullStr | The Evolving Molecular Landscape and Actionable Alterations in Urologic Cancers |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Evolving Molecular Landscape and Actionable Alterations in Urologic Cancers |
| title_short | The Evolving Molecular Landscape and Actionable Alterations in Urologic Cancers |
| title_sort | evolving molecular landscape and actionable alterations in urologic cancers |
| topic | urology urologic cancers genitourinary prostate bladder renal cell carcinoma |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1718-7729/31/11/511 |
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