Evidence of habitat specificity in sponge microbiomes from Antarctica

Abstract Background Marine sponges and their microbiomes are ecosystem engineers distributed across the globe. However, most research has focused on tropical and temperate sponges, while polar regions like Antarctica have been largely neglected. Despite its harsh conditions and geographical isolatio...

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Main Authors: Maria F. Manrique-de-la-Cuba, Génesis Parada-Pozo, Susana Rodríguez-Marconi, Marileyxis R. López-Rodríguez, Sebastián Abades, Nicole Trefault
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2024-12-01
Series:Environmental Microbiome
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40793-024-00648-4
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author Maria F. Manrique-de-la-Cuba
Génesis Parada-Pozo
Susana Rodríguez-Marconi
Marileyxis R. López-Rodríguez
Sebastián Abades
Nicole Trefault
author_facet Maria F. Manrique-de-la-Cuba
Génesis Parada-Pozo
Susana Rodríguez-Marconi
Marileyxis R. López-Rodríguez
Sebastián Abades
Nicole Trefault
author_sort Maria F. Manrique-de-la-Cuba
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Marine sponges and their microbiomes are ecosystem engineers distributed across the globe. However, most research has focused on tropical and temperate sponges, while polar regions like Antarctica have been largely neglected. Despite its harsh conditions and geographical isolation, Antarctica is densely populated by sponges. In this study, we explored the extent of habitat specificity in the diversity, community composition, and microbial co-occurrence within Antarctic sponge microbiomes, in comparison to those from other marine environments. We used massive sequencing of 16S rRNA genes and integrated multiple databases to incorporate Antarctic sponges as a habitat in global microbiome analyses. Results Our study revealed significant differences in microbial diversity and community composition between Antarctic and non-Antarctic sponges. We found that most microorganisms present in Antarctic sponges are unique to the South Shetland Islands. Nitrosomonas oligotropha, Candidatus Nitrosopumilus, Polaribacter, SAR116 clade, and Low Salinity Nitrite-Oxidizing Bacteria (LS-NOB) are microbial members characterizing the Antarctic sponge microbiomes. Based on their exclusivity and presence across different sponges worldwide, we identified habitat-specific and habitat-generalist bacteria associated with each habitat. They are particularly abundant and connected within all the Antarctic sponges, suggesting that they may play a crucial role as keystone species within these sponge ecosystems. Conclusions This study provides significant insights into the microbial diversity and community composition of sponges in Antarctica and non-Antarctic ecoregions. Our findings provide evidence for habitat-specific patterns that differentiate the microbiomes of Antarctic sponges from elsewhere, indicating the strong influence of environmental selection and dispersal limitation wrapped into the Antarctic ecoregions to shape more similar microbial communities in distantly related sponges. This study contributes to understanding signatures of microbial community assembly in the Antarctic sponges and has important implications for the ecology and evolution of these unique marine environments.
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spelling doaj-art-1fbf8bec3cfa45c5844ac9c47b17a9102024-12-08T12:46:28ZengBMCEnvironmental Microbiome2524-63722024-12-0119111410.1186/s40793-024-00648-4Evidence of habitat specificity in sponge microbiomes from AntarcticaMaria F. Manrique-de-la-Cuba0Génesis Parada-Pozo1Susana Rodríguez-Marconi2Marileyxis R. López-Rodríguez3Sebastián Abades4Nicole Trefault5GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad MayorGEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad MayorGEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad MayorGEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad MayorGEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad MayorGEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad MayorAbstract Background Marine sponges and their microbiomes are ecosystem engineers distributed across the globe. However, most research has focused on tropical and temperate sponges, while polar regions like Antarctica have been largely neglected. Despite its harsh conditions and geographical isolation, Antarctica is densely populated by sponges. In this study, we explored the extent of habitat specificity in the diversity, community composition, and microbial co-occurrence within Antarctic sponge microbiomes, in comparison to those from other marine environments. We used massive sequencing of 16S rRNA genes and integrated multiple databases to incorporate Antarctic sponges as a habitat in global microbiome analyses. Results Our study revealed significant differences in microbial diversity and community composition between Antarctic and non-Antarctic sponges. We found that most microorganisms present in Antarctic sponges are unique to the South Shetland Islands. Nitrosomonas oligotropha, Candidatus Nitrosopumilus, Polaribacter, SAR116 clade, and Low Salinity Nitrite-Oxidizing Bacteria (LS-NOB) are microbial members characterizing the Antarctic sponge microbiomes. Based on their exclusivity and presence across different sponges worldwide, we identified habitat-specific and habitat-generalist bacteria associated with each habitat. They are particularly abundant and connected within all the Antarctic sponges, suggesting that they may play a crucial role as keystone species within these sponge ecosystems. Conclusions This study provides significant insights into the microbial diversity and community composition of sponges in Antarctica and non-Antarctic ecoregions. Our findings provide evidence for habitat-specific patterns that differentiate the microbiomes of Antarctic sponges from elsewhere, indicating the strong influence of environmental selection and dispersal limitation wrapped into the Antarctic ecoregions to shape more similar microbial communities in distantly related sponges. This study contributes to understanding signatures of microbial community assembly in the Antarctic sponges and has important implications for the ecology and evolution of these unique marine environments.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40793-024-00648-4Sponge microbiomeAntarcticaHabitat-specificityAmplicon sequence variants16S rRNA geneMetabarcoding
spellingShingle Maria F. Manrique-de-la-Cuba
Génesis Parada-Pozo
Susana Rodríguez-Marconi
Marileyxis R. López-Rodríguez
Sebastián Abades
Nicole Trefault
Evidence of habitat specificity in sponge microbiomes from Antarctica
Environmental Microbiome
Sponge microbiome
Antarctica
Habitat-specificity
Amplicon sequence variants
16S rRNA gene
Metabarcoding
title Evidence of habitat specificity in sponge microbiomes from Antarctica
title_full Evidence of habitat specificity in sponge microbiomes from Antarctica
title_fullStr Evidence of habitat specificity in sponge microbiomes from Antarctica
title_full_unstemmed Evidence of habitat specificity in sponge microbiomes from Antarctica
title_short Evidence of habitat specificity in sponge microbiomes from Antarctica
title_sort evidence of habitat specificity in sponge microbiomes from antarctica
topic Sponge microbiome
Antarctica
Habitat-specificity
Amplicon sequence variants
16S rRNA gene
Metabarcoding
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40793-024-00648-4
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