Pre-Pregnancy Provegetarian Food Pattern and the Risk of Developing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: The Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) Cohort Study
<i>Background and Objectives:</i> Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common medical conditions in pregnancy, with adverse effects on maternal and neonatal outcomes. Evidence suggests a beneficial effect of plant-based dietary patterns, rich in foods derived from plant...
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2024-11-01
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| author | Vanessa Bullón-Vela Ainara Martínez-Tabar Maddi Etxezarreta-Uranga Miguel Ángel Martínez-González Francisco Javier Basterra-Gortari Maira Bes-Rastrollo |
| author_facet | Vanessa Bullón-Vela Ainara Martínez-Tabar Maddi Etxezarreta-Uranga Miguel Ángel Martínez-González Francisco Javier Basterra-Gortari Maira Bes-Rastrollo |
| author_sort | Vanessa Bullón-Vela |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Background and Objectives:</i> Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common medical conditions in pregnancy, with adverse effects on maternal and neonatal outcomes. Evidence suggests a beneficial effect of plant-based dietary patterns, rich in foods derived from plant sources and low in animal foods, on type 2 diabetes; however, their effects on GDM remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between pre-pregnancy provegetarian food patterns and the incidence of GDM in a Spanish cohort. <i>Materials and Methods:</i> This subsample of the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) cohort analyzed 3589 Spanish university graduate pregnant women with a mean (standard deviation) age of 28 (±4.3) who were initially free of pre-existing diabetes at baseline. Dietary food consumption was evaluated through a validated, 136-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The pre-pregnancy provegetarian food pattern was obtained by assigning positive scores to plant-based food groups and reverse scores to animal food groups. Energy-adjusted quintiles were applied to allocate points to construct the provegetarian food pattern, ranging from 12 to 60 points. Logistic regression models were performed to estimate the odds ratios (OR) of GDM across quintiles of a pre-pregnancy provegetarian food pattern, using the lowest quintile as the reference category. <i>Results:</i> We identified 178 incidence cases of GDM. Women in the highest quintile (Q5) of provegetarian food pattern before pregnancy exhibited a 42% relative reduction in the odds of GDM [adjusted OR (95% CI) Q5 vs. Q1: 0.58 (0.35, 0.97); p-trend = 0.109]. Higher consumption of meat and dairy before pregnancy was associated with a significantly increased risk of GDM [adjusted OR (95% CI) Q5 vs. Q1: 1.94 (1.19, 3.16); p-trend = 0.005] and [adjusted OR (95% CI) Q5 vs. Q1: 1.77 (1.07, 2.94); p-trend = 0.082], respectively. <i>Conclusions:</i> Higher pre-pregnancy consumption of a provegetarian food pattern was associated with a lower risk of developing GDM in Spanish women. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1f3cb0b6171a45bca55eed3275681a06 |
| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-1f3cb0b6171a45bca55eed3275681a062024-11-26T18:12:48ZengMDPI AGMedicina1010-660X1648-91442024-11-016011188110.3390/medicina60111881Pre-Pregnancy Provegetarian Food Pattern and the Risk of Developing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: The Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) Cohort StudyVanessa Bullón-Vela0Ainara Martínez-Tabar1Maddi Etxezarreta-Uranga2Miguel Ángel Martínez-González3Francisco Javier Basterra-Gortari4Maira Bes-Rastrollo5Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, SpainDepartment of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, SpainDepartment of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, SpainDepartment of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, SpainDepartment of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, SpainDepartment of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain<i>Background and Objectives:</i> Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common medical conditions in pregnancy, with adverse effects on maternal and neonatal outcomes. Evidence suggests a beneficial effect of plant-based dietary patterns, rich in foods derived from plant sources and low in animal foods, on type 2 diabetes; however, their effects on GDM remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between pre-pregnancy provegetarian food patterns and the incidence of GDM in a Spanish cohort. <i>Materials and Methods:</i> This subsample of the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) cohort analyzed 3589 Spanish university graduate pregnant women with a mean (standard deviation) age of 28 (±4.3) who were initially free of pre-existing diabetes at baseline. Dietary food consumption was evaluated through a validated, 136-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The pre-pregnancy provegetarian food pattern was obtained by assigning positive scores to plant-based food groups and reverse scores to animal food groups. Energy-adjusted quintiles were applied to allocate points to construct the provegetarian food pattern, ranging from 12 to 60 points. Logistic regression models were performed to estimate the odds ratios (OR) of GDM across quintiles of a pre-pregnancy provegetarian food pattern, using the lowest quintile as the reference category. <i>Results:</i> We identified 178 incidence cases of GDM. Women in the highest quintile (Q5) of provegetarian food pattern before pregnancy exhibited a 42% relative reduction in the odds of GDM [adjusted OR (95% CI) Q5 vs. Q1: 0.58 (0.35, 0.97); p-trend = 0.109]. Higher consumption of meat and dairy before pregnancy was associated with a significantly increased risk of GDM [adjusted OR (95% CI) Q5 vs. Q1: 1.94 (1.19, 3.16); p-trend = 0.005] and [adjusted OR (95% CI) Q5 vs. Q1: 1.77 (1.07, 2.94); p-trend = 0.082], respectively. <i>Conclusions:</i> Higher pre-pregnancy consumption of a provegetarian food pattern was associated with a lower risk of developing GDM in Spanish women. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/60/11/1881gestational diabetes mellitusprovegetarian food patternplant-based diet |
| spellingShingle | Vanessa Bullón-Vela Ainara Martínez-Tabar Maddi Etxezarreta-Uranga Miguel Ángel Martínez-González Francisco Javier Basterra-Gortari Maira Bes-Rastrollo Pre-Pregnancy Provegetarian Food Pattern and the Risk of Developing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: The Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) Cohort Study Medicina gestational diabetes mellitus provegetarian food pattern plant-based diet |
| title | Pre-Pregnancy Provegetarian Food Pattern and the Risk of Developing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: The Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) Cohort Study |
| title_full | Pre-Pregnancy Provegetarian Food Pattern and the Risk of Developing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: The Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) Cohort Study |
| title_fullStr | Pre-Pregnancy Provegetarian Food Pattern and the Risk of Developing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: The Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) Cohort Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pre-Pregnancy Provegetarian Food Pattern and the Risk of Developing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: The Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) Cohort Study |
| title_short | Pre-Pregnancy Provegetarian Food Pattern and the Risk of Developing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: The Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) Cohort Study |
| title_sort | pre pregnancy provegetarian food pattern and the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus the seguimiento universidad de navarra sun cohort study |
| topic | gestational diabetes mellitus provegetarian food pattern plant-based diet |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/60/11/1881 |
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