Two Symbol Expansion Methods and Their Application to Reversible Data Hiding
In reversible data hiding, image quality preservation and embedding capacity are of utmost importance. This paper proposes two reversible data hiding methods that utilize symbolization of correlations between adjacent pixels: 1) Haar transform representation and 2) pixel concatenation. First, we con...
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2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10816409/ |
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| author | Hyoung Joong Kim Changhee Kang Sang-Ug Kang |
| author_facet | Hyoung Joong Kim Changhee Kang Sang-Ug Kang |
| author_sort | Hyoung Joong Kim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In reversible data hiding, image quality preservation and embedding capacity are of utmost importance. This paper proposes two reversible data hiding methods that utilize symbolization of correlations between adjacent pixels: 1) Haar transform representation and 2) pixel concatenation. First, we convert the pixel value into Haar transformed coefficients and use the symbol given by each pair as a domain for the histogram in which the secret data should be embedded. Second, a symbol domain created by concatenating two adjacent pixels was used. Both algorithms exploit the similarity between the neighboring pixels in an image, and the experimental results demonstrate an average PSNR of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$64.1dB$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, which is 11.6% higher compared to the original histogram shifting method. The performance of the proposed simple method is comparable to or better than that of more advanced methods that rely on computationally complex prediction techniques. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1f272d5d076d4b86b14508adee00c77e |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj-art-1f272d5d076d4b86b14508adee00c77e2025-01-14T00:02:11ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-01136250626110.1109/ACCESS.2024.352323010816409Two Symbol Expansion Methods and Their Application to Reversible Data HidingHyoung Joong Kim0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1144-6660Changhee Kang1https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0289-6561Sang-Ug Kang2https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7134-6295Department of Digital Finance Management, Hoseo University, Asan-si, South KoreaDepartment of Computer Science, Sangmyung University, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South KoreaDepartment of Computer Science, Sangmyung University, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South KoreaIn reversible data hiding, image quality preservation and embedding capacity are of utmost importance. This paper proposes two reversible data hiding methods that utilize symbolization of correlations between adjacent pixels: 1) Haar transform representation and 2) pixel concatenation. First, we convert the pixel value into Haar transformed coefficients and use the symbol given by each pair as a domain for the histogram in which the secret data should be embedded. Second, a symbol domain created by concatenating two adjacent pixels was used. Both algorithms exploit the similarity between the neighboring pixels in an image, and the experimental results demonstrate an average PSNR of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$64.1dB$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, which is 11.6% higher compared to the original histogram shifting method. The performance of the proposed simple method is comparable to or better than that of more advanced methods that rely on computationally complex prediction techniques.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10816409/Symbol expansiondata hidingHaar transformhistogram shiftingimage processingimage representation |
| spellingShingle | Hyoung Joong Kim Changhee Kang Sang-Ug Kang Two Symbol Expansion Methods and Their Application to Reversible Data Hiding IEEE Access Symbol expansion data hiding Haar transform histogram shifting image processing image representation |
| title | Two Symbol Expansion Methods and Their Application to Reversible Data Hiding |
| title_full | Two Symbol Expansion Methods and Their Application to Reversible Data Hiding |
| title_fullStr | Two Symbol Expansion Methods and Their Application to Reversible Data Hiding |
| title_full_unstemmed | Two Symbol Expansion Methods and Their Application to Reversible Data Hiding |
| title_short | Two Symbol Expansion Methods and Their Application to Reversible Data Hiding |
| title_sort | two symbol expansion methods and their application to reversible data hiding |
| topic | Symbol expansion data hiding Haar transform histogram shifting image processing image representation |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10816409/ |
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