Vitamin C in Cardiovascular Disease: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Evidence and Therapeutic Applications

Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is an essential nutrient that humans cannot synthesize, making its intake crucial for health. Discovered nearly a century ago, vitamin C is widely recognized for its ability to prevent scurvy and has become one of the most commonly used supplements. Beyond its...

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Main Authors: Yichen Xu, Huabo Zheng, Ioana Slabu, Elisa Anamaria Liehn, Mihaela Rusu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Antioxidants
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/5/506
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author Yichen Xu
Huabo Zheng
Ioana Slabu
Elisa Anamaria Liehn
Mihaela Rusu
author_facet Yichen Xu
Huabo Zheng
Ioana Slabu
Elisa Anamaria Liehn
Mihaela Rusu
author_sort Yichen Xu
collection DOAJ
description Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is an essential nutrient that humans cannot synthesize, making its intake crucial for health. Discovered nearly a century ago, vitamin C is widely recognized for its ability to prevent scurvy and has become one of the most commonly used supplements. Beyond its antioxidant activity, vitamin C is pivotal in regulating lipid metabolism, promoting angiogenesis, enhancing collagen synthesis, modulating remodeling, and stabilizing the extracellular matrix. While preclinical studies have shown promising results, clinical trials have yielded inconsistent findings, due to suboptimal study design, results misinterpretation, and misleading conclusions. This review provides a holistic overview of existing evidence on the pleiotropic role of vitamin C in cardiovascular diseases, identifying both the strengths and limitations of current research and highlighting gaps in understandings in vitamin C’s underlying mechanisms. By integrating molecular insights with clinical data and evaluating the pleiotropic role of vitamin C in cardiovascular disease management and prevention, this review aims to guide future research toward personalized, evidence-based therapeutic strategies in clinical practice.
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series Antioxidants
spelling doaj-art-1df25b2cc9a2431cb15fb2a271979d4c2025-08-20T03:47:48ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212025-04-0114550610.3390/antiox14050506Vitamin C in Cardiovascular Disease: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Evidence and Therapeutic ApplicationsYichen Xu0Huabo Zheng1Ioana Slabu2Elisa Anamaria Liehn3Mihaela Rusu4Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medicine and Life Sciences, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, ChinaInstitute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, GermanyDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Helmut Schmidt University, 22043 Hamburg, GermanyInstitute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, GermanyVitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is an essential nutrient that humans cannot synthesize, making its intake crucial for health. Discovered nearly a century ago, vitamin C is widely recognized for its ability to prevent scurvy and has become one of the most commonly used supplements. Beyond its antioxidant activity, vitamin C is pivotal in regulating lipid metabolism, promoting angiogenesis, enhancing collagen synthesis, modulating remodeling, and stabilizing the extracellular matrix. While preclinical studies have shown promising results, clinical trials have yielded inconsistent findings, due to suboptimal study design, results misinterpretation, and misleading conclusions. This review provides a holistic overview of existing evidence on the pleiotropic role of vitamin C in cardiovascular diseases, identifying both the strengths and limitations of current research and highlighting gaps in understandings in vitamin C’s underlying mechanisms. By integrating molecular insights with clinical data and evaluating the pleiotropic role of vitamin C in cardiovascular disease management and prevention, this review aims to guide future research toward personalized, evidence-based therapeutic strategies in clinical practice.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/5/506vitamin Cantioxidantcardiovascular diseasesmyocardial infarctioncollagen synthesisECM remodeling
spellingShingle Yichen Xu
Huabo Zheng
Ioana Slabu
Elisa Anamaria Liehn
Mihaela Rusu
Vitamin C in Cardiovascular Disease: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Evidence and Therapeutic Applications
Antioxidants
vitamin C
antioxidant
cardiovascular diseases
myocardial infarction
collagen synthesis
ECM remodeling
title Vitamin C in Cardiovascular Disease: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Evidence and Therapeutic Applications
title_full Vitamin C in Cardiovascular Disease: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Evidence and Therapeutic Applications
title_fullStr Vitamin C in Cardiovascular Disease: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Evidence and Therapeutic Applications
title_full_unstemmed Vitamin C in Cardiovascular Disease: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Evidence and Therapeutic Applications
title_short Vitamin C in Cardiovascular Disease: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Evidence and Therapeutic Applications
title_sort vitamin c in cardiovascular disease from molecular mechanisms to clinical evidence and therapeutic applications
topic vitamin C
antioxidant
cardiovascular diseases
myocardial infarction
collagen synthesis
ECM remodeling
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/5/506
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AT ioanaslabu vitamincincardiovasculardiseasefrommolecularmechanismstoclinicalevidenceandtherapeuticapplications
AT elisaanamarialiehn vitamincincardiovasculardiseasefrommolecularmechanismstoclinicalevidenceandtherapeuticapplications
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