Forage Selection by Royle's Pika (Ochotona roylei) in Jagran Forest Range, district Neelum, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan

Lagomorphs show dietary flexibility as a result of spatial and temporal distinction in the food availability which in turn influences the ecology of a species. Royle’e pika (Ochotona roylei), a specialist herbivore, is endemic to Himalayan belt. During the present study, feeding ecology of Royle’s...

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Main Authors: Ghulam Ali, Nasra Ashraf, Shahbaz Khan, Saba Khalid, Mohsin Masood
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Faculty of Science, The University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Muzaffarabad 2025-03-01
Series:Kashmir Journal of Science
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Online Access:https://www.kjs.org.pk/index.php/kjs/article/view/73
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author Ghulam Ali
Nasra Ashraf
Shahbaz Khan
Saba Khalid
Mohsin Masood
author_facet Ghulam Ali
Nasra Ashraf
Shahbaz Khan
Saba Khalid
Mohsin Masood
author_sort Ghulam Ali
collection DOAJ
description Lagomorphs show dietary flexibility as a result of spatial and temporal distinction in the food availability which in turn influences the ecology of a species. Royle’e pika (Ochotona roylei), a specialist herbivore, is endemic to Himalayan belt. During the present study, feeding ecology of Royle’s pikas and their dietary responses to seasonal variations were examined from eighty-six study plots at Jagran Forest Range, in the northern region of Azad Jammu & Kashmir. Data of monthly diet composition, and monthly temporal changes in the selection of various food items from Royle’s pika population was collected, using focal scan sampling method, from the study plots. The overall diet of Royle’s pikas at Jagran comprised of 40.685% flowers, 15.411% mature leaves, 14.579% roots, 14.474% young leaves, 8.056% stems, 3.742% fruits, and 3.052% whole plants. The diet of pikas exhibited a wide erraticism across the study months (H = 14.989; df = 7; p = 0.0361). Royle’s pikas spent significantly more time feeding on flowers during the summer and monsoon seasons (71.23% and 78.93% respectively), than in autumn, where no flower consumption recorded. The diet of Royle’s pikas did not show a greater diversity during the study period (Shannon – Wiener index (H′) = 2.11 – 3.98); whereas, a high mean monthly dietary evenness index, was recorded (J = 0.87 – 0.99) across various study months. The results show that Royle’s pikas adapt seasonal shifts in their diet consumption as chief food items changed temporally in study area, and it is more prominent in autumn season, when ground vegetation vanishes out completely. Moreover, among various plants, Parnassia nubicola had the highest selection ratio (31.812) in the pika diet at Jagran Forest Range. The findings of the current study contribute to a better understanding of the dietary flexibility of Royle’s pikas in Western Himalayan region of Azad Kashmir, in response to local environmental conditions that may figure out lagomorph ecology and evolution.
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spelling doaj-art-1de9482ed42f4b45a91f62729139d98c2025-08-20T03:59:25ZengFaculty of Science, The University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, MuzaffarabadKashmir Journal of Science2958-78322025-03-0140110.63147/krjs.v4i01.73Forage Selection by Royle's Pika (Ochotona roylei) in Jagran Forest Range, district Neelum, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, PakistanGhulam AliNasra AshrafShahbaz KhanSaba KhalidMohsin Masood Lagomorphs show dietary flexibility as a result of spatial and temporal distinction in the food availability which in turn influences the ecology of a species. Royle’e pika (Ochotona roylei), a specialist herbivore, is endemic to Himalayan belt. During the present study, feeding ecology of Royle’s pikas and their dietary responses to seasonal variations were examined from eighty-six study plots at Jagran Forest Range, in the northern region of Azad Jammu & Kashmir. Data of monthly diet composition, and monthly temporal changes in the selection of various food items from Royle’s pika population was collected, using focal scan sampling method, from the study plots. The overall diet of Royle’s pikas at Jagran comprised of 40.685% flowers, 15.411% mature leaves, 14.579% roots, 14.474% young leaves, 8.056% stems, 3.742% fruits, and 3.052% whole plants. The diet of pikas exhibited a wide erraticism across the study months (H = 14.989; df = 7; p = 0.0361). Royle’s pikas spent significantly more time feeding on flowers during the summer and monsoon seasons (71.23% and 78.93% respectively), than in autumn, where no flower consumption recorded. The diet of Royle’s pikas did not show a greater diversity during the study period (Shannon – Wiener index (H′) = 2.11 – 3.98); whereas, a high mean monthly dietary evenness index, was recorded (J = 0.87 – 0.99) across various study months. The results show that Royle’s pikas adapt seasonal shifts in their diet consumption as chief food items changed temporally in study area, and it is more prominent in autumn season, when ground vegetation vanishes out completely. Moreover, among various plants, Parnassia nubicola had the highest selection ratio (31.812) in the pika diet at Jagran Forest Range. The findings of the current study contribute to a better understanding of the dietary flexibility of Royle’s pikas in Western Himalayan region of Azad Kashmir, in response to local environmental conditions that may figure out lagomorph ecology and evolution. https://www.kjs.org.pk/index.php/kjs/article/view/73Foraging EcologyHerbivoreDiet CompositionDietary DiversityPrimula rosea
spellingShingle Ghulam Ali
Nasra Ashraf
Shahbaz Khan
Saba Khalid
Mohsin Masood
Forage Selection by Royle's Pika (Ochotona roylei) in Jagran Forest Range, district Neelum, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
Kashmir Journal of Science
Foraging Ecology
Herbivore
Diet Composition
Dietary Diversity
Primula rosea
title Forage Selection by Royle's Pika (Ochotona roylei) in Jagran Forest Range, district Neelum, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
title_full Forage Selection by Royle's Pika (Ochotona roylei) in Jagran Forest Range, district Neelum, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
title_fullStr Forage Selection by Royle's Pika (Ochotona roylei) in Jagran Forest Range, district Neelum, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
title_full_unstemmed Forage Selection by Royle's Pika (Ochotona roylei) in Jagran Forest Range, district Neelum, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
title_short Forage Selection by Royle's Pika (Ochotona roylei) in Jagran Forest Range, district Neelum, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
title_sort forage selection by royle s pika ochotona roylei in jagran forest range district neelum azad jammu and kashmir pakistan
topic Foraging Ecology
Herbivore
Diet Composition
Dietary Diversity
Primula rosea
url https://www.kjs.org.pk/index.php/kjs/article/view/73
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