The Histopathology of Abemaciclib-Induced Interstitial Lung Disease: A First Case Report With Transbronchial Lung Cryobiopsy

Abemaciclib, a cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor, is crucial in treating hormone receptor–positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative metastatic or recurrent breast cancer. However, its association with drug-induced interstitial lung disease (DI-ILD) is concerning. We present an...

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Main Authors: Shota Kaburaki, Toru Tanaka, Akari Murata, Koichiro Kamio, Yosuke Tanaka, Yasuhiro Terasaki, Kazuo Kasahara, Masahiro Seike
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SAGE Publishing 2024-11-01
Series:Breast Cancer: Basic and Clinical Research
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1177/11782234241301314
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author Shota Kaburaki
Toru Tanaka
Akari Murata
Koichiro Kamio
Yosuke Tanaka
Yasuhiro Terasaki
Kazuo Kasahara
Masahiro Seike
author_facet Shota Kaburaki
Toru Tanaka
Akari Murata
Koichiro Kamio
Yosuke Tanaka
Yasuhiro Terasaki
Kazuo Kasahara
Masahiro Seike
author_sort Shota Kaburaki
collection DOAJ
description Abemaciclib, a cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor, is crucial in treating hormone receptor–positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative metastatic or recurrent breast cancer. However, its association with drug-induced interstitial lung disease (DI-ILD) is concerning. We present an 82-year-old woman with breast cancer receiving abemaciclib, who developed persistent cough and malaise. Initial diagnostics suggested pneumonia, supported by ground-glass opacities and consolidations on chest high-resolution computed tomography. Suspecting DI-ILD, a transbronchial lung cryobiopsy (TBLC) was performed, revealing fibrosing organizing pneumonia and confirming abemaciclib-induced ILD. Discontinuing abemaciclib led to significant symptom improvement, supporting the diagnosis. This case report describes the clinical presentation and diagnostic approach in a patient with suspected abemaciclib-induced ILD, including the use. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of fibrosing organizing pneumonia as a histopathological pattern in abemaciclib-induced ILD, expanding knowledge of this therapy’s pulmonary adverse events. Histopathological features included diffuse lymphocytic infiltration, polypoid intra-alveolar fibrosis, intraluminal granulation tissue plugs with dense hyalinization, hyalinized fibrotic alveolar septa lesions, and obliterative fibrotic processes affecting alveolar ducts. Our case suggests that TBLC might be useful in recognizing DI-ILD by providing detailed lung tissue examination, which can facilitate early diagnosis and guide management. Identifying fibrosing organizing pneumonia indicated a potentially corticosteroid-responsive pathology, suggesting a more favorable prognosis compared with patterns like diffuse alveolar damage. This case highlights the potential for abemaciclib-induced ILD to occur even after prolonged treatment periods, emphasizing the importance of vigilance and consideration of diagnostic intervention for patients on cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors presenting with respiratory symptoms. Timely recognition and appropriate management may mitigate adverse outcomes. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and to better understand the role of TBLC and histopathological examination in diagnosing and managing abemaciclib-induced ILD.
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spelling doaj-art-1dcc2a6e69fe4285b2fc2511fbe6fabd2024-11-25T13:03:24ZengSAGE PublishingBreast Cancer: Basic and Clinical Research1178-22342024-11-011810.1177/11782234241301314The Histopathology of Abemaciclib-Induced Interstitial Lung Disease: A First Case Report With Transbronchial Lung CryobiopsyShota Kaburaki0Toru Tanaka1Akari Murata2Koichiro Kamio3Yosuke Tanaka4Yasuhiro Terasaki5Kazuo Kasahara6Masahiro Seike7Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, JapanAbemaciclib, a cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor, is crucial in treating hormone receptor–positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative metastatic or recurrent breast cancer. However, its association with drug-induced interstitial lung disease (DI-ILD) is concerning. We present an 82-year-old woman with breast cancer receiving abemaciclib, who developed persistent cough and malaise. Initial diagnostics suggested pneumonia, supported by ground-glass opacities and consolidations on chest high-resolution computed tomography. Suspecting DI-ILD, a transbronchial lung cryobiopsy (TBLC) was performed, revealing fibrosing organizing pneumonia and confirming abemaciclib-induced ILD. Discontinuing abemaciclib led to significant symptom improvement, supporting the diagnosis. This case report describes the clinical presentation and diagnostic approach in a patient with suspected abemaciclib-induced ILD, including the use. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of fibrosing organizing pneumonia as a histopathological pattern in abemaciclib-induced ILD, expanding knowledge of this therapy’s pulmonary adverse events. Histopathological features included diffuse lymphocytic infiltration, polypoid intra-alveolar fibrosis, intraluminal granulation tissue plugs with dense hyalinization, hyalinized fibrotic alveolar septa lesions, and obliterative fibrotic processes affecting alveolar ducts. Our case suggests that TBLC might be useful in recognizing DI-ILD by providing detailed lung tissue examination, which can facilitate early diagnosis and guide management. Identifying fibrosing organizing pneumonia indicated a potentially corticosteroid-responsive pathology, suggesting a more favorable prognosis compared with patterns like diffuse alveolar damage. This case highlights the potential for abemaciclib-induced ILD to occur even after prolonged treatment periods, emphasizing the importance of vigilance and consideration of diagnostic intervention for patients on cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors presenting with respiratory symptoms. Timely recognition and appropriate management may mitigate adverse outcomes. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and to better understand the role of TBLC and histopathological examination in diagnosing and managing abemaciclib-induced ILD.https://doi.org/10.1177/11782234241301314
spellingShingle Shota Kaburaki
Toru Tanaka
Akari Murata
Koichiro Kamio
Yosuke Tanaka
Yasuhiro Terasaki
Kazuo Kasahara
Masahiro Seike
The Histopathology of Abemaciclib-Induced Interstitial Lung Disease: A First Case Report With Transbronchial Lung Cryobiopsy
Breast Cancer: Basic and Clinical Research
title The Histopathology of Abemaciclib-Induced Interstitial Lung Disease: A First Case Report With Transbronchial Lung Cryobiopsy
title_full The Histopathology of Abemaciclib-Induced Interstitial Lung Disease: A First Case Report With Transbronchial Lung Cryobiopsy
title_fullStr The Histopathology of Abemaciclib-Induced Interstitial Lung Disease: A First Case Report With Transbronchial Lung Cryobiopsy
title_full_unstemmed The Histopathology of Abemaciclib-Induced Interstitial Lung Disease: A First Case Report With Transbronchial Lung Cryobiopsy
title_short The Histopathology of Abemaciclib-Induced Interstitial Lung Disease: A First Case Report With Transbronchial Lung Cryobiopsy
title_sort histopathology of abemaciclib induced interstitial lung disease a first case report with transbronchial lung cryobiopsy
url https://doi.org/10.1177/11782234241301314
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