Combined effects of reflexology massage and respiratory relaxation on pain following chest tube removal in heart surgery patients
Abstract Background and aim Removing the chest tube in cardiac patients after surgery is one of the worst experiences of hospitalization in the intensive care units. Various pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods are available to control pain in these patients. This study aimed to investiga...
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| Language: | English |
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BMC
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13019-024-03254-0 |
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| author | Zainab Bahramian Majid Kazemi Reza Vazirinejad Hadi Hasani |
| author_facet | Zainab Bahramian Majid Kazemi Reza Vazirinejad Hadi Hasani |
| author_sort | Zainab Bahramian |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background and aim Removing the chest tube in cardiac patients after surgery is one of the worst experiences of hospitalization in the intensive care units. Various pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods are available to control pain in these patients. This study aimed to investigate the combined effect of reflexology massage and respiratory relaxation on pain following chest tube removal in cardiac surgery patients of Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Shiraz, Iran, in 2023. Methods This was a double-blind randomized clinical trial performed on 140 patients who underwent heart surgery and had a chest tube in Shiraz, Iran. The samples were randomly divided into four groups: 1- control group, 2- respiratory relaxation group, 3- foot reflex massage group, and 4- a combination of respiratory relaxation and reflexology massage. To collect data, two demographic questionnaires, and a visual analog scale were used. Results The participants of the four groups were not meaningfully different in terms of age, BMI, duration of surgical operation, gender, job, education, place of residency, number of chest tubes, history of operation (P = 0.99, 0.31, 0.06, 0.81, 0.97, 0.96, 0.17, 0.10, 0.89 respectively). The mean scores of pain intensity during chest tube removal, and 15 min after chest tube removal were not statistically different among the four groups of study (P = 0.15, 0.54 respectively); However, just after chest tube removal, the mean scores of pain intensity differed meaningfully among four groups (P = 0.008). Conclusion The results showed that reflexology massage and respiratory relaxation both reduce pain immediately after chest tube removal in heart surgery patients. Also, the combination of these two techniques was more effective in reducing patients’ average pain. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1dc53b434cb847979a908b7b0232b6b2 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1749-8090 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery |
| spelling | doaj-art-1dc53b434cb847979a908b7b0232b6b22025-01-12T12:39:14ZengBMCJournal of Cardiothoracic Surgery1749-80902025-01-012011810.1186/s13019-024-03254-0Combined effects of reflexology massage and respiratory relaxation on pain following chest tube removal in heart surgery patientsZainab Bahramian0Majid Kazemi1Reza Vazirinejad2Hadi Hasani3Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Rafsanjan University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Medical Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Non- Communicable Disease Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahroud University of Medical SciencesAbstract Background and aim Removing the chest tube in cardiac patients after surgery is one of the worst experiences of hospitalization in the intensive care units. Various pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods are available to control pain in these patients. This study aimed to investigate the combined effect of reflexology massage and respiratory relaxation on pain following chest tube removal in cardiac surgery patients of Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Shiraz, Iran, in 2023. Methods This was a double-blind randomized clinical trial performed on 140 patients who underwent heart surgery and had a chest tube in Shiraz, Iran. The samples were randomly divided into four groups: 1- control group, 2- respiratory relaxation group, 3- foot reflex massage group, and 4- a combination of respiratory relaxation and reflexology massage. To collect data, two demographic questionnaires, and a visual analog scale were used. Results The participants of the four groups were not meaningfully different in terms of age, BMI, duration of surgical operation, gender, job, education, place of residency, number of chest tubes, history of operation (P = 0.99, 0.31, 0.06, 0.81, 0.97, 0.96, 0.17, 0.10, 0.89 respectively). The mean scores of pain intensity during chest tube removal, and 15 min after chest tube removal were not statistically different among the four groups of study (P = 0.15, 0.54 respectively); However, just after chest tube removal, the mean scores of pain intensity differed meaningfully among four groups (P = 0.008). Conclusion The results showed that reflexology massage and respiratory relaxation both reduce pain immediately after chest tube removal in heart surgery patients. Also, the combination of these two techniques was more effective in reducing patients’ average pain.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13019-024-03254-0Reflexology massageRespiratory relaxationChest tube removalHeart surgery |
| spellingShingle | Zainab Bahramian Majid Kazemi Reza Vazirinejad Hadi Hasani Combined effects of reflexology massage and respiratory relaxation on pain following chest tube removal in heart surgery patients Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery Reflexology massage Respiratory relaxation Chest tube removal Heart surgery |
| title | Combined effects of reflexology massage and respiratory relaxation on pain following chest tube removal in heart surgery patients |
| title_full | Combined effects of reflexology massage and respiratory relaxation on pain following chest tube removal in heart surgery patients |
| title_fullStr | Combined effects of reflexology massage and respiratory relaxation on pain following chest tube removal in heart surgery patients |
| title_full_unstemmed | Combined effects of reflexology massage and respiratory relaxation on pain following chest tube removal in heart surgery patients |
| title_short | Combined effects of reflexology massage and respiratory relaxation on pain following chest tube removal in heart surgery patients |
| title_sort | combined effects of reflexology massage and respiratory relaxation on pain following chest tube removal in heart surgery patients |
| topic | Reflexology massage Respiratory relaxation Chest tube removal Heart surgery |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13019-024-03254-0 |
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