Light-based gamma entrainment with novel invisible spectral flicker stimuli
Abstract Light-based gamma entrainment using sensory stimuli (GENUS) shows considerable potential for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in both animal and human models. While the clinical efficacy of GENUS for AD is paramount, its effectiveness will eventually also rely on the barrier to tre...
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Nature Portfolio
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-75448-4 |
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| author | Luna S. Hansen Marcus H. Carstensen Mark A. Henney N. Mai Nguyen Martin W. Thorning-Schmidt Jes Broeng Paul Michael Petersen Tobias S. Andersen |
| author_facet | Luna S. Hansen Marcus H. Carstensen Mark A. Henney N. Mai Nguyen Martin W. Thorning-Schmidt Jes Broeng Paul Michael Petersen Tobias S. Andersen |
| author_sort | Luna S. Hansen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Light-based gamma entrainment using sensory stimuli (GENUS) shows considerable potential for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in both animal and human models. While the clinical efficacy of GENUS for AD is paramount, its effectiveness will eventually also rely on the barrier to treatment adherence imposed by the discomfort of gazing at luminance flickering (LF) light. Currently, there have been few attempts to improve the comfort of GENUS. Here we investigate if Invisible spectral flicker (ISF), a novel type of light-based 40 Hz GENUS for which the flicker is almost imperceptible, can be used as a more comfortable option. We found that whereas ISF, LF, and chromatic flicker (CF) all produce a 40 Hz steady-state visually evoked potential (SSVEP), ISF scores significantly better on measures of comfort and perceived flicker. We also demonstrate that, while there is a trend towards a lower SSVEP response, reducing the stimulation brightness has no significant effect on the 40 Hz SSVEP or perceived flicker, though it significantly improves comfort. Finally, there is a slight decrease in the 40 Hz SSVEP response when stimulating with ISF from increasingly peripheral angles. This may ease the discomfort of GENUS treatment by freeing patients from gazing directly at the light. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1dc3f60347144b7bbe0adb7a7527b76c |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-1dc3f60347144b7bbe0adb7a7527b76c2024-12-01T12:18:23ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-11-0114111710.1038/s41598-024-75448-4Light-based gamma entrainment with novel invisible spectral flicker stimuliLuna S. Hansen0Marcus H. Carstensen1Mark A. Henney2N. Mai Nguyen3Martin W. Thorning-Schmidt4Jes Broeng5Paul Michael Petersen6Tobias S. Andersen7Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of DenmarkDepartment of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of DenmarkOptoCeutics ApSOptoCeutics ApSDepartment of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of DenmarkOptoCeutics ApSDepartment of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of DenmarkDepartment of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of DenmarkAbstract Light-based gamma entrainment using sensory stimuli (GENUS) shows considerable potential for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in both animal and human models. While the clinical efficacy of GENUS for AD is paramount, its effectiveness will eventually also rely on the barrier to treatment adherence imposed by the discomfort of gazing at luminance flickering (LF) light. Currently, there have been few attempts to improve the comfort of GENUS. Here we investigate if Invisible spectral flicker (ISF), a novel type of light-based 40 Hz GENUS for which the flicker is almost imperceptible, can be used as a more comfortable option. We found that whereas ISF, LF, and chromatic flicker (CF) all produce a 40 Hz steady-state visually evoked potential (SSVEP), ISF scores significantly better on measures of comfort and perceived flicker. We also demonstrate that, while there is a trend towards a lower SSVEP response, reducing the stimulation brightness has no significant effect on the 40 Hz SSVEP or perceived flicker, though it significantly improves comfort. Finally, there is a slight decrease in the 40 Hz SSVEP response when stimulating with ISF from increasingly peripheral angles. This may ease the discomfort of GENUS treatment by freeing patients from gazing directly at the light.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-75448-4GENUS40 HzGamma entrainmentAlzheimer’s diseaseEEGSSVEP |
| spellingShingle | Luna S. Hansen Marcus H. Carstensen Mark A. Henney N. Mai Nguyen Martin W. Thorning-Schmidt Jes Broeng Paul Michael Petersen Tobias S. Andersen Light-based gamma entrainment with novel invisible spectral flicker stimuli Scientific Reports GENUS 40 Hz Gamma entrainment Alzheimer’s disease EEG SSVEP |
| title | Light-based gamma entrainment with novel invisible spectral flicker stimuli |
| title_full | Light-based gamma entrainment with novel invisible spectral flicker stimuli |
| title_fullStr | Light-based gamma entrainment with novel invisible spectral flicker stimuli |
| title_full_unstemmed | Light-based gamma entrainment with novel invisible spectral flicker stimuli |
| title_short | Light-based gamma entrainment with novel invisible spectral flicker stimuli |
| title_sort | light based gamma entrainment with novel invisible spectral flicker stimuli |
| topic | GENUS 40 Hz Gamma entrainment Alzheimer’s disease EEG SSVEP |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-75448-4 |
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